The postnatal development of neocortical neurons and glial cells in the Göttingen minipig and the domestic pig brain

Jelsing, Jacob; Nielsen, Rune Damgaard; Olsen, Annemarie; Grand, Nanna; Hemmingsen, Ralf; Pakkenberg, Bente

doi:10.1242/jeb.02141

Cited by 88 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Such analysis seem to be especially valuable in the light of the recent morphological and embryological studies, which indicate that the porcine brain shares many similarities with the human one and so that the pig can be used as a good animal model for understanding the activities of the human organs [29]. The distribution of SOM-IR cell bodies and fibers in the porcine CA is consistent with the previous studies in the rat [12] and monkey [8,24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Thus, as there is a lack in data concerning both the morphology and the chemical coding of neurons in CA of the domestic pig, an animal becoming more and more important in the biomedical studies [29], we decided to provide a detailed description of the distribution and co-localization pattern of SOM and NPY, CCK or VIP in CA nuclei of this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the amygdala of the pig.

Równiak

Robak²,

Bogus‐Nowakowska³

et al. 2008

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Abstract:The distribution and morphology of neurons containing somatostatin (SOM) was investigated in the amygdala (CA) of the pig. The SOM-immunoreactive (SOM-IR) cell bodies and fibres were present in all subdivisions of the porcine CA, however, their number and density varied depending on the nucleus studied. The highest density of SOM-positive somata was observed in the layer III of the cortical nuclei, in the anterior (magnocellular) part of the basomedial nucleus and in the caudal (large-celled) part of the lateral nucleus. Moderate to high numbers of SOM-IR cells were also observed in the medial and basolateral nuclei. Many labeled neurons were also consistently observed in the lateral part of the central nucleus. In the remaining CA regions, the density of SOM-positive cell bodies varied from moderate to low. In any CA region studied SOM-IR neurons formed heterogeneous population consisting of small, rounded or slightly elongated cell bodies, with a few poorly branched smooth dendrites. In general, morphological features of these cells clearly resembled the non-pyramidal Golgi type II interneurons. The routine double-labeling studies with antisera directed against SOM and neuropeptide Y (NPY) demonstrated that a large number of SOM-IR cell bodies and fibers in all studied CA areas contained simultaneously NPY. In contrast, co-localization of SOM and cholecystokinin (CCK) or SOM and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was never seen in cell bodies and fibres in any of nuclei studied. In conclusion, SOM-IR neurons of the porcine amygdala form large and heterogenous subpopulation of, most probably, interneurons that often contain additionally NPY. On the other hand, CCK-and/or VIP-IR neurons belonged to another, discrete subpopulations of porcine CA neurons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the amygdala of the pig.

Równiak

Robak²,

Bogus‐Nowakowska³

et al. 2008

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…biexponential model) (8). Correspondence between swine and human FA changes during maturation is supported by previous invasive studies that suggest a similar pattern of myelination and cellular development exists in both species (21,23). That FA changes are likely attributed to myelination is based on a previous study showing that myelin sheath area was most strongly correlated with FA during development (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Noninvasive MRI Measures of Microstructural and Cerebrovascular Changes During Normal Swine Brain Development

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT:The swine brain is emerging as a potentially valuable translational animal model of neurodevelopment and offers the ability to assess the impact of experimentally induced neurological disorders. The goal for this study was to characterize swine brain development using noninvasive MRI measures of microstructural and cerebrovascular changes. Thirteen pigs at various postnatal ages (2.3-43.5 kg) were imaged on a 1.5-Tesla MRI system. Microstructural changes were assessed using diffusion tensor imaging measures of mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy. Cerebrovascular changes were assessed using arterial spin labeling measures of baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) of the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI signal to CO 2 . We found a positive logarithmic relationship for regional tissue volumes and fractional anisotropy with body weight, which is similar to the pattern reported in the developing human brain. Unlike in the maturing human brain, no consistent changes in mean diffusivity or baseline CBF with development were observed. Changes in BOLD CVR exhibited a positive logarithmic relationship with body weight, which may impact the interpretation of functional MRI results at different stages of development. This animal model can be validated by applying the same noninvasive measures in humans. (Pediatr Res 69: 418-424, 2011) P rocesses of human brain development are integral to the understanding of the long-term impact of neurological disorders afflicting the immature brain. Animal models provide a means to investigate developmental processes in a controlled manner and to model the effects of disease and injury on the immature brain. Dobbing and Sands (1) proposed that the swine brain may represent an appropriate model for the immature human brain based on the timing of the brain growth spurt (rapid stages of brain growth), which is recognized as a period of increased vulnerability to injury. Additional benefits of the swine model for developmental neuroscience include similar histology, cortical folding, and gray-matter (GM)-to-white-matter (WM) ratio to humans (1). Moreover, recent advances in transgenic neural gene manipulations and the ability to model brain injury and neurologic disorders have also supported the increasing use of swine as a model for neuroscience and neurosurgical research (2,3).Ontogeny of the brain typically focuses on structural changes during development; however, these changes may also be linked to cerebrovascular development based on the observed association between rapid stages of brain growth and increased cerebral perfusion that is believed to be required to match increased metabolic needs (4). Given that many pathologies of the immature brain involve compromised cerebral perfusion (e.g., neonatal encephalopathy and intraventricular hemorrhage), there is a need to characterize both cerebrovascular and structural changes occurring in animal models of early human brain development.MRI is emerging as the prominent modality for ...

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“…Therefore, the aim of this work was to describe CART distribution and the co-localization pattern of CART with GnRH, SOM, CCK, NPY, and SP in the preoptic area of the domestic pig, which is a very important animal in biomedical studies [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and chemical coding pattern of the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) immunoreactivity in the preoptic area of the pig

Bogus‐Nowakowska¹,

Robak²,

Równiak³

et al. 2012

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Abstract:This study provides a detailed description of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) distribution and the co-localization pattern of CART and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), somatostatin (SOM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and substance P (SP) in the preoptic area (POA) of the domestic pig. The POA displays a low density of immunoreactive cells and rich immunoreactivity for CART in fibers. CART-immunoreactive (CART-IR) cell bodies were single and faintly stained, and located in the medial preoptic area (MPA) and the periventricular region of the POA. A high density of immunoreactive fibers was observed in the periventricular preoptic nucleus (PPN); a high to moderate density of fibers was observed in the MPA; but in the dorso-medial region of the MPA the highest density of fibers in the whole POA was observed. The lateral preoptic area (LPA) exhibited a less dense concentration of CART-immunoreactive fibers than the MPA. The median preoptic nucleus (MPN) showed moderate to low expression of staining fibers. In the present study, dual-labeling immunohistochemistry was used to show that CART-IR cell bodies do not contain any GnRH and SP. CART-positive fibers were identified in close apposition with GnRH neurons. This suggests that CART may influence GnRH secretion. Double staining revealed that CART-IR structures do not co-express any of the substances we studied, but a very small population of CART-IR fibers also contain

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The postnatal development of neocortical neurons and glial cells in the Göttingen minipig and the domestic pig brain

Cited by 88 publications

References 50 publications

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the amygdala of the pig.

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the amygdala of the pig.

Noninvasive MRI Measures of Microstructural and Cerebrovascular Changes During Normal Swine Brain Development

Distribution and chemical coding pattern of the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) immunoreactivity in the preoptic area of the pig

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