The postnatal development of functional properties of central vestibular neurons in the rat

Lannou, J.; Precht, W.; Cazin, L.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)91002-3

Cited by 79 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The maximum firing frequency of dorsal column nuclei cells is three times higher in cats than in kittens (Connor, Ferrington & Rowe, 1984). A similar pattern is seen in afferent fibres to the cuneate nucleus (Ferrington & Rowe, 1980) and neurones of the vestibular system (Lannou, Precht & Cazin, 1979). Thus, in sensory and motor systems both central and peripheral components exhibit a slower rate of firing accompanied by a less accurate representation of sensation and execution of movement in neonates as compared to adults.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Individual Motoneuronesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Electrophysiological properties of neonatal rat motoneurones studied in vitro.

Fulton¹,

Walton²

1986

The Journal of Physiology

215

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SUMMARY1. The electroresponsive properties of neonatal lumbar spinal motoneurones were studied using isolated, hemisected spinal cords from neonatal rats aged [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] days. The extracellular and intracellular responses to electrical stimulation of the ventral and dorsal root were studied as well as. the intracellular response to current injection.2. Field potentials recorded in the lateral motor area following electrical stimulation of lumbar ventral roots had a triphasic positive-negative-positive wave form. The negative component did not return to the base line smoothly but exhibited a ' shoulder' where the negativity increased in duration. Following electrical stimulation of the dorsal root, presynaptic field potentials were recorded upon activation of the afferent axons as well as following synaptic activation of interneurones and motoneurones.3. The input resistances of neonatal motoneurones determined from the slope of current-voltage plots were high compared with the adult. The resistance decreased with age with a mean of 18-1 MC for animals 3-5 days old, 8-8 M0 for animals 6-8 days old and 5-4 MC for animals 9-11 days old. Values for the membrane time constant were similar to those in the adult with a mean of 4-5 ms.4. Action potentials elicited by ventral or dorsal root stimulation or by intracellular current injection were marked by a pronounced after-depolarization (a.d.p.) and an after-hyperpolarization (a.h.p.). The amplitude of the a.h.p. varied with that of the a.d.p.5. The amplitude of excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) elicited by electrical stimulation ofthe dorsal root was affected by intracellular current injection. Two types of e.p.s.p.s were distinguished: those with a biphasic reversal (early phase first) and those in which the early phase was unaffected by inward current injection while the later phase was reversed. Unlike in the adult, the reversals could be achieved with low current levels and the amplitude of both types of e.p.s.p. was increased by inward current injection. (b) there is a low maximum firing frequency (near 30 Hz) and (c) the slope of the firing frequency-injected current (f-I) plot has a high gain.8. These results are discussed with respect to previous findings in adult rat and cat and with reference to the properties of the developing nervous and muscular systems.

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Section: Characteristics Of Individual Motoneuronesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Electrophysiological properties of neonatal rat motoneurones studied in vitro.

Fulton¹,

Walton²

1986

The Journal of Physiology

215

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“…In very young rats (P4), some cells displayed random bursts of spikes. The response sensitivity of these neurons to angular acceleration also matured progressively, reaching the adult level at the end of the first month [74,75].…”

Section: Functional Development Of Central Vestibular Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The postnatal properties of canal-related vestibular nuclear neurons have been characterized in rats [74,75]. During postnatal development, the resting discharge rate of neurons increased steadily from a very low and irregular firing pattern in neonates to reach a high and more regular state by the end of the first postnatal month.…”

Section: Functional Development Of Central Vestibular Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Vestibular System

Lai¹,

Chan²

2002

Neuroembryol Aging

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This review mainly focuses on the development of the vestibular system in humans and other mammals, but reference is made to anurans and other species where applicable. In the first section, the steps involved in the development of undifferentiated cells into mature vestibular receptors are analysed. Available data indicate that in humans, maturation of the vestibular receptor and its afferent innervations involves a similar sequence of events as in other mammalian species. In the second section, morphological and physiological aspects of the maturation of the central vestibular system are presented. Undifferentiated neuron precursors have been identified in specific segregrated domains of the hindbrain neural tube, and these can develop into secondary vestibular neurons with unique properties. Several neuronal populations in the vestibulospinal and vestibulo-ocular pathways have been found to correlate with rhombomeric domains at early embryonic stages. In rodents, the vestibular system continues to develop postnatally in terms of morphology and function until it achieves its final form. The postnatal changes in the properties of vestibular nuclear neurons are chronologically matched with structural changes and serve to prime the development of vestibular-induced reflexes.

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“…While the effects of angular acceleration on the development of the vestibular system can be studied using a turntable (Lannou, 1979;Curthoys, 1982), there is no simple way to investigate the effects of gravity on the otolithic components of the vestibular system. Since gravitational stimulation cannot be readily removed on Earth, space-flight offers a unique opportunity to study the role of gravity on the emergence of spontaneous and evoked spike firing in VNNs.…”

Section: Emergence Of Evoked Spike Firing In Vnns and Development Of Vormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spontaneous spike activity is essential for VNNs to transmit reliably and accurately incoming vestibular stimuli (du Lac and Lisberger, 1995). From extracellular, single unit recordings performed on second-order vestibular neurons in the intact rat, spontaneous spike activity was irregular and low in frequency during the first few days after birth, but increased in regularity and frequency so that the adult values were recorded by 30 days (Lannou et al, 1979(Lannou et al, ,1980.Spontaneous spike activity could result from the spatio-temporal summation of many subthreshold postsynaptic excitatory events, which bring the neuron to threshold, and/or from the neuron's intrinsic membrane properties. So far, studies on the development of spontaneous spike activity have been performed on heterogeneous neuron classes in the MVN using extracellular and intracellular recordings from mouse brain slices (Dutia et al, 1995;Johnston and Dutia, 1996;Dutia and Johnston, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation of firing pattern in chick vestibular nucleus neurons

2006

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The principal cells of the chick tangential nucleus are vestibular nucleus neurons participating in the vestibuloocular and vestibulocollic reflexes. In birds and mammals, spontaneous and stimulusevoked firing of action potentials is essential for vestibular nucleus neurons to generate mature vestibular reflex activity. The emergence of spike-firing pattern and the underlying ion channels were studied in morphologically-identified principal cells using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from brain slices of late-term embryos (embryonic day 16) and hatchling chickens (hatching day 1 and hatching day 5). Spontaneous spike activity emerged around the perinatal period, since at embryonic day 16 none of the principal cells generated spontaneous action potentials. However, at hatching day 1, 50% of the cells fired spontaneously (range, 3 to 32 spikes/s), which depended on synaptic transmission in most cells. By hatching day 5, 80% of the principal cells could fire action potentials spontaneously (range, 5 to 80 spikes/s), and this activity was independent of synaptic transmission and showed faster kinetics than at hatching day 1. Repetitive firing in response to depolarizing pulses appeared in the principal cells starting around embryonic day 16, when < 20% of the neurons fired repetitively. However, almost 90% of the principal cells exhibited repetitive firing on depolarization at hatching day 1, and 100% by hatching day 5. From embryonic day 16 to hatching day 5, the gain for evoked spike firing increased almost 10-fold. At hatching day 5, a persistent sodium channel was essential for the generation of spontaneous spike activity, while a small conductance, calciumdependent potassium current modulated both the spontaneous and evoked spike firing activity. Altogether, these in vitro studies showed that during the perinatal period, the principal cells switched from displaying no spontaneous spike activity at resting membrane potential and generating one spike on depolarization to the tonic firing of spontaneous and evoked action potentials. Keywordsintrinsic membrane properties; spike activity; brain sliceThe vestibuloocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) reflexes are involved in stabilizing visual gaze during head movements, whereas the vestibulocollic (VCR) reflex stabilizes the head position in space. To perform these functions, the VOR generates compensatory eye movements in a direction opposite to the head movements, while the OKR produces eye movements in the same direction as the image motion, and the VCR stimulates the muscles of the neck to support the head during movements. Defined as the eye speed divided by head speed, the VOR gain is an important property, which is subject to change during different types of movements. For example, during natural head rotations, the gain of compensatory eye movements is larger than 1, but when there is image motion during head turning, the gain is smaller than 1. Thus, the VOR is an adaptive response, rather than an automatic reflex (for . E-mail address: anakdp@gwumc....

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The postnatal development of functional properties of central vestibular neurons in the rat

Cited by 79 publications

References 24 publications

Electrophysiological properties of neonatal rat motoneurones studied in vitro.

Electrophysiological properties of neonatal rat motoneurones studied in vitro.

Development of the Vestibular System

Maturation of firing pattern in chick vestibular nucleus neurons

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