The post-Caledonian thermo-tectonic evolution of Fennoscandia

Green, Paul F.; Japsen, Peter; Bonow, Johan M.; Chalmers, James A.; Duddy, Ian R.; Kukkonen, Ilmo

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2022.03.007

Cited by 10 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…While fission tracks in apatite alone are much used for assessing the denudation and thermal history in crystalline basement areas (e.g. Gallagher, 1995; Green et al, 2022; Japsen et al, 2005; McGregor et al, 2013; Moore et al, 1986; Nielsen et al, 2009; Pedersen et al, 2012), they have less frequently been used in sedimentary boreholes together with vitrinite reflectance and present‐day temperature. He and Lerche (1989) may have been first to propose the joint inversion of apatite fission tracks (AFT) and vitrinite reflectance to reconstruct paleo temperatures and heat flow.…”

Section: Thermal Indicators Constrain the Thermal Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint inversion of temperature, vitrinite reflectance and fission tracks in apatite with examples from the eastern North Sea area

Nielsen

Balling

2022

Basin Research

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As sediment accumulation indicates basin subsidence, erosion often is understood as tectonic uplift, but the amplitude and timing may be difficult to determine because the sedimentary record is missing. Quantification of erosion therefore requires indirect evidence, for example thermal indicators such as temperature, vitrinite reflectance and fission tracks in apatite. However, as always, the types and quality of data and the choice of models are important to the results. For example, considering only the thermal evolution of the sedimentary section discards the thermal time constant of the lithosphere and essentially ignores the temporal continuity of the thermal structure. Furthermore, the types and density of thermal indicators deter-| 441 EAGE NIELSEN and BALLING

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Section: Thermal Indicators Constrain the Thermal Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint inversion of temperature, vitrinite reflectance and fission tracks in apatite with examples from the eastern North Sea area

Nielsen

Balling

2022

Basin Research

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“…The topographic development is set to start from the initial constraint. To test for repeated episodes of exhumation, peneplanation and reburial, we added constraint boxes according to the model suggested for the Jotunheimen transect by Green et al. (2022, their Figure 8a). Based on the estimated paleotemperatures for the high elevation samples of the transect and the suggested peneplains for the region, the following events were interpreted (Figure 6c): development of a sub‐Permian Peneplain (300‐280 Ma), burial to 130‐120°C in the Middle Triassic (250‐240 Ma), followed by cooling/exhumation and the formation of a Late Triassic peneplain (235‐220 Ma), renewed burial to ∼90‐80°C in the Middle Jurassic (175‐160 Ma), and renewed cooling/exhumation leading to a Late Jurassic peneplain (165‐150 Ma), burial to ∼65‐60°C in the mid‐Cretaceous (105‐90 Ma), the development of a Late Cretaceous peneplain (95‐85 Ma), burial to ∼40‐35°C in the Early Miocene (24‐20 Ma) with subsequent start of cooling/exhumation to surface conditions.…”

Section: Thermal History Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the estimated paleotemperatures for the high elevation samples of the transect and the suggested peneplains for the region, the following events were interpreted (Figure 6c): development of a sub-Permian Peneplain (300-280 Ma), burial to 130-120°C in the Middle Triassic (250-240 Ma), followed by cooling/exhumation and the formation of a Late Triassic peneplain (235-220 Ma), renewed burial to ∼90-80°C in the Middle Jurassic (175-160 Ma), and renewed cooling/exhumation leading to a Late Jurassic peneplain (165-150 Ma), burial to ∼65-60°C in the mid-Cretaceous (105-90 Ma), the development of a Late Cretaceous peneplain (95-85 Ma), burial to ∼40-35°C in the Early Miocene (24-20 Ma) with subsequent start of cooling/exhumation to surface conditions. As suggested by Green et al (2022), it is not assured that all cooling episodes led to cooling to surface temperatures. Therefore, we allowed the "peneplain" constraint-boxes to stretch from the surface to 2 km depth.…”

Section: Modeling Approach: Transferring Geological Evolution Into Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we present new AFT data and apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He data from a steep, structurally intact ET in Western Norway, located below a prominent low-relief surface at the top of the Skåla mountain (Figures 1 and 2). We present single sample modeling and the first multi-sample inverse thermal history modeling for the Skåla transect and for a previously published transect of Green et al (2022) using a new release of the software HeFTy. We aim to test previously proposed differing thermal histories for the west-Norwegian margin and to propose more tightly constrained thermal models which can contribute toward solving the debate on the origin of EPCMs in the North Atlantic region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Thermal Evolution of Western Norway Based on Multi‐Sample Models of an Elevation Transect: Implications for the Formation of High‐Elevation Low‐Relief Surfaces on an Elevated Rifted Continental Margin

Hestnes,

Gasser,

Ketcham

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The post‐Caledonian thermal and geomorphological evolution of onshore Western Norway is poorly understood, including the formation and age of the high‐elevation low‐relief surfaces seen across the Norwegian landscape. We present new apatite fission track (AFT) and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He analyses from an elevation transect (ET) covering ∼1,800 m vertical distance below a high‐elevation low‐relief surface in the inner Nordfjord. The AFT ages increase with elevation from 159 ± 11 Ma to 256 ± 21 Ma and apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He ages increase with elevation from 80 ± 4 Ma to 277 ± 15 Ma. In order to test different possible thermal evolutions, we present the first multi‐sample thermal history models from Norway using HeFTy combining both AFT and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He ages along the ET, refining available thermal history models for the area considerably. The best modeling results are found for a thermal evolution with slow cooling throughout the Mesozoic and increased cooling rates from the Late Cretaceous until present, indicating a Cenozoic age for the low‐relief surface at the top of the transect. The models also allow for cooling to surface conditions in the Late Jurassic, but such an evolution must have been followed by rapid burial by 1.5–3 km Cretaceous sediments, and by re‐exhumation in the Cenozoic, indicating that the low‐relief surface cannot represent a simply uplifted Jurassic or Cretaceous peneplain. We compare our results with multi‐sample models from the wider North Atlantic region, supporting previous findings of Cenozoic exhumation and landscape forming processes within that region.

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“…Apatite He ages further suggest that southeastern Sweden experienced minimal erosion post‐100 Ma (Söderlund et al., 2005). The Mesozoic to recent thermal history for southern Sweden is disputed, with some authors arguing for a small amount (∼15°C) of Late Cretaceous reheating (Green & Duddy, 2006) or even repeated (and hotter) episodic reheating throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic (Green et al., 2022).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Rb/Sr Geochronology and Stable Isotope Geochemistry Evidence for Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Fracture‐Hosted Fluid Flow and Microbial Activity in Paleoproterozoic Basement, SW Sweden

Drake

Tillberg

Reinhardt

et al. 2023

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Recent studies have shown that biosignatures of ancient microbial life exist in mineral coatings in deep bedrock fractures of Precambrian cratons, but such surveys have been few and far between. Here, we report results from southwestern Sweden in an area of 1.6–1.5 Ga Paleoproterozoic rocks heavily reworked by the 1.14–0.96 Ga Sveconorwegian orogeny, a terrane previously scarcely explored for ancient microbial biosignatures. Calcite‐pyrite‐adularia‐illite‐coated fractures were analyzed for stable isotopes via Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (δ13C, δ18O, δ34S) and in situ Rb/Sr geochronology via Laser‐ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Rb/Sr ages for calcite‐adularia and calcite‐illite show that several fluid flow events can be discerned (797 ± 18–769 ± 7, 391 ± 5–387 ± 6, 356 ± 5–347 ± 4, and 301 ± 7 Ma). The δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values of different calcite growth zones further confirmed episodic fluid flow. Pyrite δ34S values down to −49.9‰V‐CDT, together with systematically increased δ34S from crystal core to rim, suggest formation following microbial sulfate reduction under semi‐closed conditions. Assemblages involving MSR‐related pyrite generally have Devonian to Permian Rb/Sr ages, indicating an association to extension‐related fracturing and fluid mixing during foreland‐basin formation linked to Caledonian orogeny in the northwest. An assemblage with an age of 301 ± 7 Ma is potentially related to Oslo Rift extension, whereas the Neo‐Proterozoic ages relate to post‐Sveconorwegian extensional tectonics. Remnants of short‐chained fatty acids in the youngest calcite coatings further indicate a biogenic origin, while the absence of organic molecules in older calcite is in line with thermal degradation, potentially related to heating during Caledonian foreland basin burial.

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The post-Caledonian thermo-tectonic evolution of Fennoscandia

Cited by 10 publications

References 122 publications

Joint inversion of temperature, vitrinite reflectance and fission tracks in apatite with examples from the eastern North Sea area

Joint inversion of temperature, vitrinite reflectance and fission tracks in apatite with examples from the eastern North Sea area

The Thermal Evolution of Western Norway Based on Multi‐Sample Models of an Elevation Transect: Implications for the Formation of High‐Elevation Low‐Relief Surfaces on an Elevated Rifted Continental Margin

In Situ Rb/Sr Geochronology and Stable Isotope Geochemistry Evidence for Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Fracture‐Hosted Fluid Flow and Microbial Activity in Paleoproterozoic Basement, SW Sweden

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