The possible synglaciogenic Ediacaran hematitic banded iron salt formation (BISF) at Hormuz Island, southern Iran: Implications for a new style of exhalative hydrothermal iron-salt system

Atapour, Habibeh; Aftabi, Alijan

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.05.033

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…8C). The high proportions of iron sediments in this unit may be attributed to the interaction with oxides deposits at Jabal Sanam by mean of chemical fluid activity for ages of geological time [18].…”

Section: Dolomite (Dolostone) Unitmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Petrology and stratigraphy of pre-Cambrian Hormuz Series outcrops in Jabal Sanam structure - the oldest surface rocks in Iraq

Soltan

2020

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Detailed geological field investigations have been done at Jabal Sanam structure Southern Iraq. More than 150 rock and mineral represented samples were collected, and 130 thin sections of these samples were prepared and examined microscopically. An accurate mineralogical study of these rocks by analysis of 15 samples with the X-ray diffraction technique was achieved. A large number of sedimentary rocks were distinguished through field observations and petrographic studies, such as gypsum, limestone, dolomite, red and green marl, sedimentary ironstones, chert, and salts. Various types of igneous and metamorphic rocks such as dolerite, schist, slate, and metamorphic sediments were found as beds or fragments intruded with the evaporite rocks of Jabal Sanam. Distinct mineralizations of hematite, pyrite, and dolomite minerals were observed in these successions. It was noted also, that these rocks were subjected to varied geological processes of different degrees that affected their original rock characteristics such as diagenesis, metamorphism, deformation, and dissolution processes. A petrological, stratigraphic, and tectonic correlation has been made with similar structures spread through the region (Iran and Arabian Peninsula) in the light of their composition which, in general; consists of infra-Cambrian evaporates of Hormuz Series. This study supports the previous geological studies on this salt structure, shows a great similarity between the rocks of Hormuz Series Complex and those of Jabal Sanam, which may be considered in terms of stratigraphy and petrology as equivalent rock units. Thus, these rocks may be suggested as the oldest rocks exposed above the earth’s surface in Iraq

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Section: Dolomite (Dolostone) Unitmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…One of the most characteristic criteria of these rocks was the occurrence of mineral ores and thin beds of shinny crystals of hematite and other iron oxides, distributed in many parts of these structures [28,18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrology and stratigraphy of pre-Cambrian Hormuz Series outcrops in Jabal Sanam structure - the oldest surface rocks in Iraq

Soltan

2020

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“…Some of the salt domes-such as the Hormoz salt dome-are important for the exploration of the banded iron-salt formation deposits. The occurrence of these deposits is suggested to be linked with the submarine alkaline felsic magmatism within the continental rift zones (Atapour & Aftabi 2017b). Ascent of salt diapirs from Hormuz series salt deposits transported many exotic blocks of igneous, pyroclastic, sedimentary, and low-grade metamorphic rocks to the surface as mega-xenoliths.…”

Section: -1 Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several scenarios suggested for the genesis of the coeval felsic and OIB-like mafic rocks in central Iran and/or in Hormuz series including; 1-Formation in an intra-plate rift setting (Momenzadeh & Heidari 1995); 2-Formation above a subduction zone (Ramezani & Tucker 2003); 3-Submarine volcanism in an extensional back-arc basin (Faramarzi et al 2015); 4-Generation in fault-bounded trough basins during Gondwana rifting (Berberian & King 1981;Talbot et al 2009a); and 5-Formation in a continental, intra-plate rift (Atapour & Aftabi 2017a;Atapour & Aftabi 2017b).…”

Section: -3 Geodynamic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case irregular margins of igneous bodies with chilled margins are expected. The occurrence of banded jaspilitic hematite and salt minerals as rhythmic layering and its association with rhyolites and rhyolitic tuffs (without contact metamorphism) suggests that the submarine magmatism was associated with iron and salt deposition (Atapour & Aftabi 2017b).…”

Section: -4 Relation Of Cadomian Igneous Activity To Hormuz Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochronology and geochemistry of exotic blocks of Cadomian crust from the salt diapirs of SE Zagros: the Chah-Banu example

Sarshar

Moghadam

Griffin

et al. 2020

International Geology Review

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Formation of magnetite-(apatite) systems by crystallizing ultrabasic iron-rich melts and slag separation

Tornos,

Hanchar,

Steele-MacInnis

et al. 2023

Miner Deposita

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Magnetite-(apatite) ore deposits are interpreted as being formed by the crystallization of iron-rich ultrabasic melts, dominantly generated by the interaction of silicate melts with oxidized P-F-SO4-bearing sedimentary rocks. This hypothesis is supported by geologic evidence, experimental studies, numerical modeling, stable and radiogenic isotope geochemistry, mineralogy, and melt- and mineral-inclusion data. Assimilation of crustal rocks during ascent promotes separation from a silicate magma of Fe-rich, Si-Al-poor melts with low solidus temperatures and viscosities, allowing coalescence, migration, and emplacement at deep to subaerial crustal environments. When the iron-rich melt attains neutral buoyancy, fractional crystallization leads to melt immiscibility similar to that observed in industrial blast furnaces, which promotes separation of massive magnetite ore overlain by different types of “slag” containing actinolite or diopside ± phosphates ± magnetite ± feldspar ± anhydrite ± scapolite, commonly enriched in high field strength elements. The mineralogy and morphology of this iron-depleted cap strongly depend on the depth of emplacement and composition of the iron-rich magma. Most of these systems exhibit high oxygen fugacity, which inhibits the precipitation of significant sulfide mineralization. The initially high fO2 of these systems also promotes the formation of low-Ti (< 1 wt%) magnetite: Ti acts as an incompatible component and is enriched in the iron-poor caps and in the hydrothermal aureole. High fluid-phase pressures produced during massive crystallization of magnetite from the melt further facilitate the exsolution of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids responsible for the formation of aureoles of alkali-calcic-iron alteration with hydrothermal replacement-style iron mineralization. On the whole, these systems are dramatically different from the magmatic-hydrothermal systems related to intermediate to felsic igneous rocks; they are more akin to carbonatite and other ultramafic rocks.

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The possible synglaciogenic Ediacaran hematitic banded iron salt formation (BISF) at Hormuz Island, southern Iran: Implications for a new style of exhalative hydrothermal iron-salt system

Cited by 21 publications

References 61 publications

Petrology and stratigraphy of pre-Cambrian Hormuz Series outcrops in Jabal Sanam structure - the oldest surface rocks in Iraq

Petrology and stratigraphy of pre-Cambrian Hormuz Series outcrops in Jabal Sanam structure - the oldest surface rocks in Iraq

Geochronology and geochemistry of exotic blocks of Cadomian crust from the salt diapirs of SE Zagros: the Chah-Banu example

Formation of magnetite-(apatite) systems by crystallizing ultrabasic iron-rich melts and slag separation

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