The possible of immunotherapy for COVID-19: A systematic review

AminJafari, Akram; Ghasemi, Sorayya

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106455

Cited by 116 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The severe illness caused by COVID‐19 underlines the urgent need to develop therapeutic and prophylactic agents as there are no approved vaccines or therapies 27–29 . Development of RDV for COVID‐19 treatment was supported by its preclinical characteristics, including nonclinical safety and tolerability profiles and potent antiviral activity ( in vitro and in vivo activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 and multiple genetically diverse CoVs) 4,17,20,30 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID‐19, in Healthy Subjects

Humeniuk

Mathias

Cao

et al. 2020

Clinical Translational Sci

212

331

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Remdesivir (RDV), a single diastereomeric monophosphoramidate prodrug that inhibits viral RNA polymerases, has potent in vitro antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). RDV received the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s emergency use authorization in the United States and approval in Japan for treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This report describes two phase I studies that evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of single escalating and multiple i.v. doses of RDV (solution or lyophilized formulation) in healthy subjects. Lyophilized formulation was evaluated for potential future use in clinical trials due to its storage stability in resource‐limited settings. All adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity. Overall, RDV exhibited a linear profile following single‐dose i.v. administration over 2 hours of RDV solution formulation across the dose range of 3–225 mg. Both lyophilized and solution formulations provided comparable PK parameters. High intracellular concentrations of the active triphosphate (~ 220‐fold to 370‐fold higher than the in vitro half‐maximal effective concentration against SARS‐CoV‐2 clinical isolate) were achieved following infusion of 75 mg or 150 mg lyophilized formulation over 30 minutes or 2 hours. Following multiple‐doses of RDV 150 mg once daily for 7 or 14 days, RDV exhibited a PK profile similar to single‐dose administration. Metabolite GS‐441524 accumulated ~ 1.9‐fold after daily dosing. Overall, RDV exhibited favorable safety and PK profiles that supported once‐daily dosing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID‐19, in Healthy Subjects

Humeniuk

Mathias

Cao

et al. 2020

Clinical Translational Sci

212

331

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Further, SARS‐CoV2 has shown an association with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), 17 a rare complication of influenza and other viral infections with suggested mechanisms related to intracranial cytokine storms that result in the blood‐brain barrier breakdown but without direct viral invasion or parainfectious demyelination 18 . Treatments aimed at CRS in COVD19 include convalescent plasma, immunoglobulin, thymosin, cytotoxic T cell, and B cell epitopes, as well as tocilizumab, 19 which is also an effective treatment for the important secondary headache disorder giant cell arteritis 20 …”

Section: Headache As a Symptom Of Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 and Headache: A Primer for Trainees

Bobker

Robbins

2020

Headache

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Objective To summarize for the trainee audience the possible mechanisms of headache in patients with COVID‐19 as well as to outline the impact of the pandemic on patients with headache disorders and headache medicine in clinical practice. Background COVID‐19 is a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, of which a large subset of patients features neurological symptoms, commonly headache. The virus is highly contagious and is, therefore, changing clinical practice by forcing limitations on in‐person visits and procedural treatments, more quickly shifting toward the widespread adaptation of telemedicine services. Design/Results We review what is currently known about the pathophysiology of COVID‐19 and how it relates to possible mechanisms of headache, including indirect, potential direct, and secondary causes. Alternative options for the treatment of patients with headache disorders and the use of telemedicine are also explored. Conclusions Limited information exists regarding the mechanisms and timing of headache in patients with COVID‐19, though causes relate to plausible direct viral invasion of the nervous system as well as the cytokine release syndrome. Though headache care in the COVID‐19 era requires alterations, the improved preventive treatment options now available and evidence for feasibility and safety of telemedicine well positions clinicians to take care of such patients, especially in the COVID‐19 epicenter of New York City.

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“…[19][20][21][22][23][24]. Although some systematic reviews were published in the field of therapeutic options against COVID-19 and summarized the trials with inconclusive outcomes [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Zhong et al, provided a systematic review and meta-analysis including the therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) mainly besides COVID-19 and assessed their safety and efficacy profiles [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Purpose A recent survey has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has culminated in dramatical and critical treatment particularly in acute infected patients. In fact, this systematic review-meta-analysis was directly pertained to estimation at the efficient value of some clinical managements to confront the COVID-19 infection. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2020, to identify studies reporting the current treatment process and medications (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, and immunomodulatory agents) for COVID-19. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The outcomes of this study were the frequency of negative conversion cases, clinical improvements, mechanical ventilation demand, intensive care unit (ICU) entry, and mortality. The standard treatment refers to the published guidelines and specialist experience which varies in different articles, and the proposed treatment refers to the kind of interest suggested in the included studies. Results A number of 45 articles met the eligibility criteria (out of 6793 articles). Among them, 26 articles involving 3263 patients were included in quantitative analysis. Anti-COVID-19 interventions could significantly increase clinical improvement (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.27; I 2 = 49.8%) and reduce the mortality rate (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.95; I 2 = 74.8%). Although in terms of negative conversion, ICU entry, and mechanical ventilation demand, clinical intervention had no beneficial effect. The clinical effect of immunomodulatory agents (especially tocilizumab and anakinra) was noticeable compared to other medications with RR of 0.22 (95% CI 0.09-0.53; I 2 = 40.9%) for mortality and 1.25 (95% CI 1.07-1.46; I 2 = 45.4%) for clinical improvement. Moreover, Antivirals (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26; I 2 = 47.0%) and convalescent plasma therapy (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.98; I 2 = 66.6%) had significant beneficial effects on clinical improvement. Conclusion Based on our findings, all the included interventions significantly declined the mortality and enhanced clinical improvements with no effect on negative conversion and mechanical ventilation demand. Especially, immunomodulators and plasma therapy showed favorable outcomes.

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The possible of immunotherapy for COVID-19: A systematic review

Cited by 116 publications

References 12 publications

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID‐19, in Healthy Subjects

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID‐19, in Healthy Subjects

COVID‐19 and Headache: A Primer for Trainees

Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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