The Possible Mechanisms of Contracting and Paying the Oxygen Debt and the Rôle of Lactic Acid in Muscular Contraction

Margaria, R; Edwards, H. T.; Dill, D. B.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1933.106.3.689

Cited by 491 publications

(238 citation statements)

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“…It has been known for a long time that 02 debt measurements produce erroneously high estimates of anaerobic energy liberation (Margaria et al 1933;Knuttgen, 1962;Margaria, Cerretelli, di Prampero, Massari & Torelli, 1963). However, the reason for this is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the years measurements of lactate concentrations, made predominantly in the blood, have been used both as indicators of anaerobic energy release and for the quantitative evaluation of the lactate in the anaerobic energy release (Margaria, Edwards & Dill, 1933; for further references see di Prampero, 1981). However, the dilution space for lactate is undefined and the turnover of lactate is high (Brooks, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anaerobic energy production and O2 deficit‐debt relationship during exhaustive exercise in humans.

Bangsbo¹,

Gollnick²,

Graham³

et al. 1990

The Journal of Physiology

298

248

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SUMMARY1. Eight subjects performed one-legged, dynamic, knee-extensor exercise, first at 10 W followed by 10 min rest, then at an intense, exhaustive exercise load (65 W) lasting 3-2 min. After 60 min recovery, exercise was performed for 8-10 min each at 20, 30, 40 and 50 W. Measurements of pulmonary oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood pressure, leg blood flow, and femoral arterial-venous differences of oxygen content and lactate were performed as well as determination of ATP, creatine phosphate (CP) inosine monophosphate (IMP) and lactate concentrations on biopsy material from the quadriceps muscle before and immediately after the intense exercise, and at 3, 10 and 60 min into recovery.2. Individual linear relations (r = 0-95-1-00) between the power outputs for submaximal exercise and oxygen uptakes (leg and pulmonary) were used to estimate the energy demand during intense exercise. Pulmonary and leg oxygen deficits determined as the difference between energy demand and oxygen uptake were 0-46 and 0-48 1 (kg active muscle)-', respectively. Limb and pulmonary oxygen debts (oxygen uptake during 60 min of recovery -pre-exercise oxygen uptake) were 0-55 and 1P65 1 (kg active muscle)-', respectively. J. BANGSBO AND OTHERS for less than 10 % of the leg oxygen debt, and lactate elimination including resynthesis of glycogen for another 25 %. 5. The anaerobic energy contribution during the first half-minute of intense exercise accounted for 80 % of the total energy turnover and this decreased to 30 % during the last phase of the exercise. The mean anaerobic energy contribution was 45 % for the 3-2 min of exhaustive exercise.6. The maximal anaerobic capacity of human muscle amounted to the equivalent of close to 051 02 kg-1. An extrapolation to whole-body anaerobic capacity cannot be made, as the magnitude of neither [ATP] and [CP] reduction nor lactate release from the muscle is likely to be comparable in all muscles when the human performs whole-body exercise.7. When exercising with a small muscle group the measurements of (i) oxygen deficit and (ii) energy yield, based on metabolic alterations of the active muscle, give similar values for the anaerobic energy release. The dominant fraction of the elevation in recovery oxygen uptake (i.e. oxygen debt) is not accounted for, as normalization of nucleotides, CP, muscle and blood lactate only amounted to about 3 of the debt measurement. Elevation in hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline as well as temperature do not appear to play a role in the high recovery oxygen uptake in the present study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic energy production and O2 deficit‐debt relationship during exhaustive exercise in humans.

Bangsbo¹,

Gollnick²,

Graham³

et al. 1990

The Journal of Physiology

298

248

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Training power outputs were 8% higher (17 W) in H vs. N. However, both conditions produced similar improvements in V O2 max (11-12%); time to exhaustion (ϳ100%); and CS (H, 30%; N, 32%), ␤-HAD (H, 23%; N, 21%), and m-AsAT (H, 21%; N, 26%) activities. We conclude that the additional training stimulus provided by training in H was not sufficient to produce greater increases in the aerobic capacity of skeletal muscle and whole body V O2 max and exercise performance compared with training in N. citrate synthase; ␤-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase; mitochondrial oxidative capacity; high-intensity interval training INSPIRING a hyperoxic gas mixture (H) can improve acute aerobic exercise performance and allows subjects to exercise at higher power outputs for a given heart rate (HR) and with a lower rating of perceived exertion for a given power output compared with breathing normoxic (N) air (2,9,13,16,25,26). The ability to exercise at higher power outputs with H also persists during an entire 5-to 6-wk training paradigm compared with N (15, 17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of training in hyperoxia vs. normoxia on skeletal muscle enzyme activities and exercise performance

Perry

Talanian²,

Heigenhauser³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Perry CG, Talanian JL, Heigenhauser GJ, Spriet LL. The effects of training in hyperoxia vs. normoxia on skeletal muscle enzyme activities and exercise performance. J Appl Physiol 102: 1022-1027, 2007. First published December 14, 2006 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01215.2006.-Inspiring a hyperoxic (H) gas permits subjects to exercise at higher power outputs while training, but there is controversy as to whether this improves skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, maximal O2 consumption (V O2 max), and endurance performance to a greater extent than training in normoxia (N). To determine whether the higher power output during H training leads to a greater increase in these parameters, nine recreationally active subjects were randomly assigned in a single-blind fashion to train in H (60% O2) or N for 6 wk (3 sessions/wk of 10 ϫ 4 min at 90% V O2 max). Training heart rate (HR) was maintained during the study by increasing power output. After at least 6 wk of detraining, a second 6-wk training protocol was completed with the other breathing condition. V O2 max and cycle time to exhaustion at 90% of pretraining V O2 max were tested in room air preand posttraining. Muscle biopsies were sampled pre-and posttraining for citrate synthase (CS), ␤-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (␤-HAD), and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AsAT) activity measurements. Training power outputs were 8% higher (17 W) in H vs. N. However, both conditions produced similar improvements in V O2 max (11-12%); time to exhaustion (ϳ100%); and CS (H, 30%; N, 32%), ␤-HAD (H, 23%; N, 21%), and m-AsAT (H, 21%; N, 26%) activities. We conclude that the additional training stimulus provided by training in H was not sufficient to produce greater increases in the aerobic capacity of skeletal muscle and whole body V O2 max and exercise performance compared with training in N. citrate synthase; ␤-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase; mitochondrial oxidative capacity; high-intensity interval training INSPIRING a hyperoxic gas mixture (H) can improve acute aerobic exercise performance and allows subjects to exercise at higher power outputs for a given heart rate (HR) and with a lower rating of perceived exertion for a given power output compared with breathing normoxic (N) air (2,9,13,16,25,26). The ability to exercise at higher power outputs with H also persists during an entire 5-to 6-wk training paradigm compared with N (15, 17). Thus inspiring H allows individuals to train at higher aerobic intensities, which may provide a greater stimulus for enhancing endurance performance. However, it is not clear whether the additional training stimulus from H results in greater adaptive responses in mitochondrial oxidative capacity or exercise performance relative to N. reported that even though higher power outputs (ϳ20 W or ϳ12%) were achieved for a given HR while training in H at ϳ70% of V O 2 max each week for 5 wk, no additional increase in V O 2 max occurred compared with N. Nevertheless, despite the greater training stimulus with H, cytochrome-c oxidase an...

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“…Em nosso estudo adotamos a medida do . VO 2 nos períodos de recuperação para representar o EPOC rápido , haja vista que a maior parte da ressíntese dos fosfatos de alta energia ocorre entre os dois-três minutos de recuperação (11,18) . Para a estimativa da energia anaeróbia lática admitiu-se que o valor de 1mmol·l -1 dos valores delta das [La -] equivale a 3ml de O 2 ·kg -1 de massa corporal (19) .…”

Section: Aquisição Dos Dados Metabólicos E Cálculo Do Gasto Energéticounclassified

Exercício concorrente: análise do efeito agudo da ordem de execução sobre o gasto energético total

Panissa

Bertuzzi

Lira

et al. 2009

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito da ordem de execução dos exercícios de força e aeróbio sobre o gasto energético total na sessão. Para isso, dez homens tiveram seu consumo de oxigênio medido continuamente durante as seguintes sessões: aeróbio-força (AF) e força-aeróbio (FA). O exercício aeróbio consistiu de 30 minutos de corrida na esteira a 90% da velocidade do limiar anaeróbio. A sessão de força foi composta de quatro exercícios, na qual os participantes realizavam três séries de 12 repetições a 70% de 1RM. A concentração de lactato sanguíneo [La] foi mensurada após cada exercício de força e nos minutos 10, 20 e 30 do exercício aeróbio. A [La] durante a execução do exercício aeróbio permaneceu maior (p < 0,05) na situação FA quando comparado com a AF aos 10 (FA = 5,1 ± 1,3mmol.l -1 ; AF = 3,2 ± 1,0mmol.l -1 ), 20 (FA = 4,2 ± 1,0mmol.l -1 ; AF = 3,0 ± 0,9mmol.l -1 ) e 30 minutos (FA = 3,9 ± 1,3mmol.l -1 ; AF = 3,4 ± 1,1mmol.l -1 ). O gasto energético total não diferiu entre as ordens de exercício (FA = 2.793 ± 811kJ; AF = 2.893 ± 903 kJ; p > 0,05), indicando que a ordem de execução não afetou significativamente o gasto energético.Palavras-chave: aeróbio, treinamento de força, exercício concorrente, gasto energético. ABSTRACTThe aim of present study was to analyze the effect of aerobic and strength exercises order on the total energy expenditure in an exercise session. Ten male subjects had their VO 2 continuously measured during two sessions: aerobic-resistance (AR) and resistance-aerobic (RA) to estimate caloric expenditure. The aerobic session was a 30-min treadmill run at 90% of anaerobic threshold velocity. The strength exercise session had four exercises, where participants performed three sets of 12 repetitions at 70% of 1RM. Blood lactate concentration (LA) was measured after each strength exercise and at 10, 20 and 30 min during the aerobic exercise. LA during aerobic exercise was higher (p < 0.05) in RA order when compared to AR at 10 (RA = 5.1 ± 1.3 mmol.l ) and 30-min (RA = 3.9 ± 1.3 mmol . l -1 ; AR = 3.4 ± 1.1 mmol.l -1 ). Total caloric expenditure did not differ between exercise orders (RA = 2793 ± 811 kJ; AR = 2893 ± 903 kJ; p > 0.05), indicating that performance order did not affect energy expenditure. Keywords INTRODUÇÃOA inatividade física tem sido apontada frequentemente como um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo desencadeamento de doenças crônico-degenerativas (1) . Nesse sentido, a realização periódica de exercícios físicos parece atuar como um agente não-farmacológico no controle de uma parte dessas doenças (2,3) . Logo, os exercícios de força e aeróbio estão entre as principais tarefas empregadas nos estudos que analisaram a eficácia de programas de condicionamento físico que objetivam a manutenção da saúde (4) . Em linhas gerais, acredita-se que, ao se exercitar utilizando isoladamente os exercícios predominantemente aeróbios, há diminuição dos estoques de gordura corporal (5) , ao passo que o treinamento de força induz o aumento da massa magra (6) .Por sua vez...

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The Possible Mechanisms of Contracting and Paying the Oxygen Debt and the Rôle of Lactic Acid in Muscular Contraction

Cited by 491 publications

References 2 publications

Anaerobic energy production and O2 deficit‐debt relationship during exhaustive exercise in humans.

Anaerobic energy production and O2 deficit‐debt relationship during exhaustive exercise in humans.

The effects of training in hyperoxia vs. normoxia on skeletal muscle enzyme activities and exercise performance

Exercício concorrente: análise do efeito agudo da ordem de execução sobre o gasto energético total

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