“…The above examples fully justify the development and research conducted on VR technology and simulators, whose advantages and broad possibilities of application can bring significant benefits for soldiers' training or their implementation in autonomous weapon systems [41,42,43,44].…”
Currently, the dynamic development of information technology contributes to the increasingly widespread application of Virtual Reality (VR) as modern and effective methods and training tools used in the process of self-education and/or training related to understanding the essence of the principles of operation and mastering the tasks of operating even complex systems or technical processes through simulating their actions. A significant argument for the use of virtual reality simulators in training uniformed services is the favorable cost-effect ratio and considerations of trainee safety. However, the use of VR simulators may be accompanied by the possibility of side effects or intensified symptoms of the so-called cybersickness. Bearing this in mind, the purpose of this article is to present the results of preliminary studies of adverse factors occurring during training using a VR simulator. The theoretical foundation for empirical research was provided by the results of a conducted review and analysis of literary content. Among the empirical methods, studies were conducted using a simulator sickness questionnaire and a research trial according to the parallel triangulation strategy scheme, involving the simultaneous use of quantitative and qualitative methods. The results obtained in this way can provide a valuable source of information about factors increasing the risk of adverse symptoms of cybersickness and ways of their mitigation, and can serve for further work on their development and application of VR simulators.
“…The above examples fully justify the development and research conducted on VR technology and simulators, whose advantages and broad possibilities of application can bring significant benefits for soldiers' training or their implementation in autonomous weapon systems [41,42,43,44].…”
Currently, the dynamic development of information technology contributes to the increasingly widespread application of Virtual Reality (VR) as modern and effective methods and training tools used in the process of self-education and/or training related to understanding the essence of the principles of operation and mastering the tasks of operating even complex systems or technical processes through simulating their actions. A significant argument for the use of virtual reality simulators in training uniformed services is the favorable cost-effect ratio and considerations of trainee safety. However, the use of VR simulators may be accompanied by the possibility of side effects or intensified symptoms of the so-called cybersickness. Bearing this in mind, the purpose of this article is to present the results of preliminary studies of adverse factors occurring during training using a VR simulator. The theoretical foundation for empirical research was provided by the results of a conducted review and analysis of literary content. Among the empirical methods, studies were conducted using a simulator sickness questionnaire and a research trial according to the parallel triangulation strategy scheme, involving the simultaneous use of quantitative and qualitative methods. The results obtained in this way can provide a valuable source of information about factors increasing the risk of adverse symptoms of cybersickness and ways of their mitigation, and can serve for further work on their development and application of VR simulators.
“…Cesar and Farlik [18] state that the missile guidance system is one of the most important components of a missile itself and should also be reflected in a simulation environment. Therefore, tactical simulators should contain as precise missile models as possible.…”
In this article, the engineering concept of the laser-guided very short range air defence system field simulator, its structure, and practical use are presented. The possibilities and advantages of the practical use of the equipment developed in tactical exercises and individual training of air defence specialists are shown. The field simulator equipment without invasion and compromising functionality into the combat air defence system has been connected and installed. The simulator performs all required shooting procedures without using combat missiles, target detection, shot execution, and maintaining the target in the sighting lens until its destruction. The field simulator reduces training process expenses and increases its efficiency. In the article, the ground control and onboard control units are presented. The units consist of target detection and its positioning, coordinate defining and data transmission (global positioning system (GPS), personal computer (PC), radio frequency (RF) transceiver), pyrotechnic charge for missile launch simulation, and target destruction devices (e.g., smoke generator), whose operating principles, functional capabilities, and work reliability are ensured on the basis of conducted research. The field simulator, which was created based on synthesising the simulator systems studied, has proven itself in practise.
“…The first part is the Event Calendar, which creates and arrays the events of entities in chronological order in the simulation. The second part is represented by ODE models of entities (Missile [9], Aircraft [7], Radar [10]) with its solvers, track and destination controllers. The third part perform as a Command Post (CP) / Fire Distribution Centre (FDC), where the C2 procedures are included, there is also applied the queuing theory and the probability distribution.…”
Section: Concept Of the Exedad Simulatormentioning
The planning stage of any procedure is critical to its successful and efficient execution. Even in the military, over the last few decades, mission planning support has evolved rapidly using modern Modelling and Simulation (M&S) tools. The article focuses on the M&S of Surface Based Air Defence (SBAD) and the design of the complex hybrid simulator coupling Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) and Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) models. The simulator includes all entities and procedures that participate in SBAD missions, specifically the ODE models of a target, missile, radar, and the models of Command and Control (C2) system procedures. The design of the simulator also includes the possibilities of automated generation of flight routes, fire control and target distribution for multiple targets and Fire Units (FU) using queuing theory algorithms. As a main platform for the development and scenario design, the Jupyter notebook environment with the Python programming language was used. The primary objectives are to design, validate, and implement the proposed simulator in SBAD mission planning, military cadets' education, and experimental tasks.
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