The positive impacts of early-life education on cognition, leisure activity, and brain structure in healthy aging

Chen, Yaojing; Lv, Chen-Long; Li, Xin; Zhang, Junying; Chen, Kewei; Liu, Zhongwan; He, Li; Fan, Jialing; Qin, Ting; Luo, Liang; Zhang, Zhanjun

doi:10.18632/aging.102088

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This led to the conclusion that the changes of FA are more likely a result of the number of dives and are not due to the possibility that more experienced divers are too likely to be older. The absence of changes in the WM of controls is likely to be dependent on the relatively young age of the subjects (mean value 39.7 years ±7.22 SD), none of which reached 55 years (Chen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Deficits and White Matter Alterations in Highly Trained Scuba Divers

et al. 2019

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Nitrogen gas (N2), present in the normal atmospheric air, is a potential source of risk for scuba divers. It seems probable that myelin can represent, in hyperbaric conditions, a preferential site for the accumulation of N2 in central nervous system (CNS). The purpose of this study is to verify whether the practice of the scuba diving is capable to determine a damage of the brain white matter (WM) in a dose dependent manner and, consequently, possible deficiency of their cognitive abilities. For this purpose, 54 professional scuba divers (35 men and 19 women), with at least 2,000 dives in their careers, were studied. Possible alterations of brain WM were evaluated in terms of Fractional anisotropy (FA) by using Diffusion Tensor Imaging, whereas possible cognitive impairments were verified by means of neuropsychological testing, by studying: (1) General mental capability (2) Executive functioning; (3) Visuospatial construction such as Rey Complex Figure; (4) Attention and orientation: (5) Selective attention capacity and processing speed ability; (6) Memory. The results showed alteration of the WM in terms of changes in FA; these alterations, statistically significant but quantitatively quite modest, were mainly observed in the WM of the anterior part of the brain, whereas no differences were observed between left and right hemisphere. The alterations of the WM were associated with changes, also in this case statistically significant but quantitatively quite modest, of the cognitive functions, in particular of those dependent on the prefrontal cortex, such as attention and memory function. The present study leads to the conclusion that repeated dives, even performed in compliance with the current decompression tables, can progressively lead in the CNS to the formation of micro-lesions in the myelin sheet capable of altering the functioning of the neuron.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Deficits and White Matter Alterations in Highly Trained Scuba Divers

et al. 2019

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“…Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used for baseline cognitive assessment. At 2-year and 4-year follow-up visits, standard clinical and neuropsychological testing batteries will be performed, [19][20][21][22][23][24] FOLLOW-UP ASSESSMENT Field personnel will be in frequent contact with the study population to determine whether they develop any cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events or cognitive decline. All participants will be followed up through face-to-face interviews by trained investigators at 2 years and 4 years.…”

Section: Cognitive Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE)—a population-based prospective cohort study: rationale, design and baseline participant characteristics

et al. 2020

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Background and purposeCardiovascular diseases and dementia are two major diseases in the elderly. Atherosclerosis is associated with future vascular events and cognitive impairment. The PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE) study is a population-based prospective cohort study with comprehensive evaluation of multiterritorial artery stenosis and plaque using advanced vascular imaging techniques and prospective collection of vascular events and cognitive assessments.MethodsBetween May 2017 and September 2019, the PRECISE study enrolled 3067 community-dwelling adults with ages between 50 and 75 years cluster sampled from six villages and four communities of Lishui city in China. Data are collected in face-to-face interviews at baseline, 2-year and 4-year follow-up visits. Brain MRI including high-resolution sequences for intracranial and carotidal arteries and CT angiography for thoracoabdominal arteries were performed at baseline and will be rescanned after 4 years. Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events and cognitive assessment will be prospectively collected after the enrollment. Blood and urine samples were collected and biomarkers were tested at baseline.ResultsA total of 3067 subjects were enrolled, among which 53.5% were female with an average age of 61.2±6.7 years. Among them, 2.8%, 8.1%, 43.1% and 21.6% had a history of stroke, coronary heart diseases, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively.ConclusionsThe PRECISE study is a population-based prospective cohort study with comprehensive evaluation of atherosclerotic stenosis and plaque using advanced vascular imaging techniques. Data from this cohort provide us an opportunity to precisely evaluate polyvascular atherosclerosis and its association with future vascular events and cognitive impairment.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03178448).

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“…Prominent accounts of heterogeneity in neural and behavioral aging postulate that this is the case, arguing that education acts as a modifiable protective factor ( 1 ) or cognitive reserve ( 2 , 3 ) of human neurocognitive aging. However, findings from cross-sectional studies provide only inconclusive support for an association between education and neurocognitive level in aging ( 4 – 7 ), and the longitudinal support for an influence of education on age-related neurocognitive change is even more elusive. In fact, a comprehensive review recently concluded that level of education does not reliably influence the rate of cognitive decline in aging ( 8 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational attainment does not influence brain aging

Nyberg

Magnussen

Lundquist

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Education has been related to various advantageous lifetime outcomes. Here, using longitudinal structural MRI data (4,422 observations), we tested the influential hypothesis that higher education translates into slower rates of brain aging. Cross-sectionally, education was modestly associated with regional cortical volume. However, despite marked mean atrophy in the cortex and hippocampus, education did not influence rates of change. The results were replicated across two independent samples. Our findings challenge the view that higher education slows brain aging.

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The positive impacts of early-life education on cognition, leisure activity, and brain structure in healthy aging

Cited by 56 publications

References 49 publications

Cognitive Deficits and White Matter Alterations in Highly Trained Scuba Divers

Cognitive Deficits and White Matter Alterations in Highly Trained Scuba Divers

PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE)—a population-based prospective cohort study: rationale, design and baseline participant characteristics

Educational attainment does not influence brain aging

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