The positive effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 upon the hematopoietic microenvironment in a D-Galactose-induced aged rat model

Abstract

BackgroundGinsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is one of the most active ingredients in Panax ginseng and has been proven to have anti-oxidative and anti-aging properties. However, there have been few reports concerning the anti-aging effects of Rg1 on the hematopoietic microenvironment and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).MethodsThirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (control, D-galactose (D-gal)-administration, Rg1-treatment, and D-gal-administration + Rg1-treatment groups). After D-gal and Rg1 treatment, BMSCs were extracted from femoral bone marrow for culture. After three passages, BMSCs were tested by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, flow cytometric cell cycle phase distribution assay, CCK-8 cell proliferation assay, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species [ROS], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) assays, inflammatory marker (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), stem cell factor (SCF) ELISA, and senescence-associated protein (p16, p21, and p53) Western blotting.ResultsCompared to the D-gal-administration group, the D-gal-administration + Rg1-treatment group showed significantly decreased levels of SA-β-gal + cell %, ROS, MDA, inflammatory marker expression, and senescence-associated protein expression as well as significantly increased levels of S-phase %, cell proliferation, SOD activity, and SCF expression. Compared to controls, the Rg-1-treatment group displayed significantly reduced levels of SA-β-gal + cell %, G1 phase %, ROS, MDA, inflammatory marker expression, senescence-associated protein expression, and SCF expression as well as significantly increased levels of S-phase %, cell proliferation, and SOD activity.ConclusionsRg1 improves the anti-aging ability of hematopoietic microenvironment through enhancing the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of BMSCs.

Ginsenoside Rg1 as an Effective Regulator of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…In three-passage cultures, the MSCs isolated from Rg1-treated rats showed enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and a strong ability to resist hematopoietic microenvironment senescence, exhibiting features such as a reduced percentage of SA-b-gal+ cells, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, and reduced expression of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-2, TNF-a) and senescenceassociated proteins (p16, p21, p53) as well as an increased S phase cell percentage, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increased stem cell factor (SCF) expression. At the same time, Rg1 also showed increased antioxidant and partial anti-inflammatory properties in normal rats (Hu et al, 2015). These results indicate that Rg1 can regulate MSCs to affect the microenvironment and thus enhance hematopoiesis.…”

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Aidi Injection Plus Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Zhu X and et al [82, 83] had reported that Astragalus membranaceus injection (AMI) could promote myelopoiesis through improving the hematopoietic microenvironment and relieving the bone marrow cells apoptosis in mice. Hu, W et al [84–87] had revealed that ginsenoside Rg1 also had antimyelotoxicity activity and promotion of myelopoiesis through enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vivo. Liu L and et.al [88] had shown that Astragalus injection ameliorated the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through regulating the Bax and Bcl-2 expression in mice.…”

Caffeine prevents d-galactose-induced cognitive deficits, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the adult rat brain

“…It is well known that chronic systemic administration of D-galactose in rodents (rats as well as mice) has been extensively used as an artificial senescence animal model of brain aging and for the studies of various anti-aging pharmacological agents (Cui et al, 2006;Lu et al, 2007;Zhang et al 2011;Xian et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2014;Haider et al, 2015;Hu et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015). Landmarks studies reported that animals receiving systemic chronic administration of D-galactose (50-500 mg/kg) for 4-8 weeks triggered cognitive and memory dysfunction through instigating of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration which lead to mitochondrial deficit (Zhang et al, 2005;Cui et al, 2006;Kumar et al, 2010).…”