The position of the axillary nerve in the deltoid muscle: A cadaveric study

Kontakis, George; Steriopoulos, K.; Damilakis, John; Michalodimitrakis, Emmanouel

doi:10.3109/17453679909000948

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Strong correlation was also observed when the full arm length, ie 56.76 ± 3.6 cm, was correlated with the distance of axillary nerve.The association was stronger for arm length than for full arm length. These findings were similar to the observations made by Gulihar et al [5] Kontakis et al [9] measured the distance of Axillary nerve from the upper border of the deltoid muscle and correlated it with deltoid ratio. They found it as a useful guide for estimation of the position of the nerve at the time of surgery.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…[1] The fracture of proximal end of the humerus accounts for more than 5% of all bone fractures and that such fractures largely occur among elderly osteoporotic patients. [2,3] Many workers have studied the safe area for axillary nerve by measuring its distance from various landmarks like acromian process [4][5][6], head of the humerus [7], greater tubercle [8]and upper border of Deltoid [9] etc. The acromian process being an easily palpated bony landmark was used in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Location of Axillary nerve in relation to acromian process of Scapula: a Cadaveric study

N¹

2012

IOSR-JDMS

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location of Axillary nerve in relation to acromian process of Scapula: a Cadaveric study

N¹

2012

IOSR-JDMS

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“…Knowledge of its path and anatomical relationships is important in this respect (1,(12)(13)(14) . In a study carried out on 67 cadavers at the University of Crete, in Greece, Kontakis et al (15) found three cases (two women) in which there was a difference of 1-2 cm in the position of the axillary nerve between the right and left sides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estudo anatômico comparativo entre os lados direito e esquerdo do nervo axilar em relação à via deltopeitoral e ao acrômio

Junior¹,

Ribeiro²,

Filho³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. ortop.

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Objective: To establish anatomical parameters for the axillary nerve by measuring the distances to the acromion and the deltopectoral access, and to ascertain whether there are any differences in comparative measurements between the left and right sides. Method: An anatomical study on the path of the axillary nerve was conducted by dissecting 30 shoulders of 20 fresh adult cadavers. For comparative study, bilateral dissection was performed on 10 cadavers. Digital caliper gauges, accurate to the nearest 0.05 cm, were used to measure the distances between the lateral extremity of the acromion and the anterior and posterior branches of the axillary nerve, and between the deltopectoral space and the anterior branch of the axillary nerve. Results: The shortest distance between the acromion and the axillary nerve was 5.47 cm, and the greatest distance was 7.06 cm. The shortest distance between the deltopectoral groove and the axillary nerve was 3.94 cm. A statistically significant difference was found using Wilcoxon's test in comparative measurements between the left and right sides for the distances between the posterior branch of the axillary nerve and the midpoint of the lateral border of the acromion (A-E), and between the anterior branch of the axillary nerve and the anterior extremity of the acromion (B-C), both of which were larger on the right side. Conclusions: The axillary nerve was situated between 5.47 and 7.06 cm distally to the acromion, and 3.94 cm laterally to the deltopectoral space. There was a statistically significant difference in the comparison between the left and right sides, and both measurements were larger on the right side.

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“…Using the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach for internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures, we achieved 22 out of 23 , and a mean internal rotation at the 12th thoracic vertebra (range, 6th thoracic vertebra-sacrum). For clinical outcome, we found a mean UCLA score of 28.3 (range, 15 to 34); 3 cases of 'excellent' scores; 12 'good'; and 8 'poor', and finally, we found a mean KSS score of 82.1 (range, 67 to 95).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the authors could not insert internal support screws, we aimed to anatomically reduce the posteromedial calcar, which is an important structure that maintains reduced humeral heads, by as much as possible. Nevertheless, other surgeons have shown that if the lateral 5 cm [21][22][23] or 4.2 cm 24) of the acromion is not disturbed during the deltoid splitting, [21][22][23] the axillary nerve will be preserved. However, this also shows that variations exist as to the exact region which the surgeons regard as a 'safe zone'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Anterosuperior Deltoid Splitting Approach for Plate Fixation of Proximal Humeral Fractures

Shin¹,

Byun

Cho³

et al. 2015

Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow

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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and safety of the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach for fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures by analyzing the surgical outcomes. Methods: Twenty-three patients who could be followed-up for at least 8 months after the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures through the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach were enrolled. We evaluated the reduction of the fractures and surgeryrelated complications at the last follow-up using X-ray results and clinical outcomes comprising the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system and the Korean Shoulder Society (KSS) score. Results: At the last follow-up of patients treated using the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach for internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures, we found 22 cases (95.6%) of bone union, a mean UCLA score of 28.3 (range, 15 to 34) and a mean KSS score of 82.1 (range, 67 to 95). Various surgery-related complications were noted; a case of varus malunion after fracture displacement, a case of nonunion, a case of delayed union, two cases of impingement, and a case of partial axillary nerve injury, which recovered completely through the follow-up. Conclusions: Plate fixation using the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach could be another reliable option for treating displaced proximal humeral fractures. (Clin Shoulder Elbow 2015;18(1):2-7)

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The position of the axillary nerve in the deltoid muscle: A cadaveric study

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

Location of Axillary nerve in relation to acromian process of Scapula: a Cadaveric study

Location of Axillary nerve in relation to acromian process of Scapula: a Cadaveric study

Estudo anatômico comparativo entre os lados direito e esquerdo do nervo axilar em relação à via deltopeitoral e ao acrômio

An Anterosuperior Deltoid Splitting Approach for Plate Fixation of Proximal Humeral Fractures

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