The position of Madagascar within Gondwana and its movements during Gondwana dispersal

Reeves, C.V.

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.07.011

Cited by 97 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…3) (e.g. Patriat and Achache, 1984;Storey et al, 1995;Collier et al, 2008;Cande et al, 2010;Cande and Stegman, 2011;Torsvik et al, 2013;Reeves, 2013;Eagles and Hoang, 2014). The West Indian Rift System is the result of this long-lived succession of regional tectonic events.…”

Section: Plate Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…East and west Gondwana separated during the early to middle Jurassic Period, facilitated by opening of the Mozambique and Somali proto-oceans ( Fig. 3a) (Reeves & de Wit, 2000;Reeves, 2013).…”

Section: Plate Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the Barmer Basin has been interpreted as a latest-Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to mid-Paleogene (Lutetian) rift (Compton, 2009) that opened in response to rifting of the Seychelles microcontinent from the Greater Indian continent near to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (e.g. Collier et al, 2008;Reeves, 2013;Eagles and Hoang, 2014). Similarly, the Cambay (Khambat) Basin is an early Cretaceous to Paleogene, asymmetrical, north-northwest trending rift, containing pre-Deccan (Mesozoic) deposits of unknown thickness (Biswas, 1982(Biswas, , 1987Gombos et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex rift geometries resulting from inheritance of pre-existing structures: Insights and regional implications from the Barmer Basin rift

Bladon

Clarke

Burley

2015

Journal of Structural Geology

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a b s t r a c t Structural studies of the Barmer Basin in Rajasthan, northwest India, demonstrate the important effect that pre-existing faults can have on the geometries of evolving fault systems at both the outcrop and basin-scale. Outcrop exposures on opposing rift margins reveal two distinct, non-coaxial extensional events. On the eastern rift margin northwest-southeast extension was accommodated on southwest and west-striking faults that form a complex, zig-zag fault network. On the western rift margin northeast-southwest extension was accommodated on northwest-striking faults that form classical extensional geometries.Combining these outcrop studies with subsurface interpretations demonstrates that northwest-southeast extension preceded northeast-southwest extension. Structures active during the early, previously unrecognised extensional event were variably incorporated into the evolving fault systems during the second. In the study area, an inherited rift-oblique fault transferred extension from the rift margin to a mid-rift fault, rather than linking rift margin fault systems directly. The resultant rift margin accommodation structure has important implications for early sediment routing and depocentre evolution, as well as wider reaching implications for the evolution of the rift basin and West Indian Rift System. The discovery of early rifting in the Barmer Basin supports that extension along the West Indian Rift System was long-lived, multi-event, and likely resulted from far-field plate reorganisations.

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Section: Plate Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plate Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex rift geometries resulting from inheritance of pre-existing structures: Insights and regional implications from the Barmer Basin rift

Bladon

Clarke

Burley

2015

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…However, these ages themselves are subject to a high degree of uncertainty, and it is not obvious when the landmasses might be judged to have been sufficiently far apart to obviate gene flow. Madagascar [12]. These ages can therefore also be regarded as presenting a bias against inferring vicariance.…”

Section: (C) Hypothesis-driven Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current position of continental landmasses is the result of sequential break-up of the Gondwanan supercontinent and subsequent continental drift [11]. The Madagascar-Seychelles-India block separated from the Africa -South America block between ca 165 Myr ago and 130-118 Myr ago [12], after which Madagascar remained in its position with respect to Africa, whereas Australia and Antarctica separated from the Madagascar-Seychelles-India block ca 132 Myr ago [12] and India separated from Madagascar ca 88 Myr ago [11,12]. Various studies have concluded that more recent LDD can explain current disjunct distributions in the region (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Back to Gondwanaland: can ancient vicariance explain (some) Indian Ocean disjunct plant distributions?

Pirie

Litsios

et al. 2015

Biol. Lett.

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Oceans, or other wide expanses of inhospitable environment, interrupt present day distributions of many plant groups. Using molecular dating techniques, generally incorporating fossil evidence, we can estimate when such distributions originated. Numerous dating analyses have recently precipitated a paradigm shift in the general explanations for the phenomenon, away from older geological causes, such as continental drift, in favour of more recent, long-distance dispersal (LDD). For example, the 'Gondwanan vicariance' scenario has been dismissed in various studies of Indian Ocean disjunct distributions. We used the gentian tribe Exaceae to reassess this scenario using molecular dating with minimum (fossil), maximum (geological), secondary (from wider analyses) and hypothesis-driven age constraints. Our results indicate that ancient vicariance cannot be ruled out as an explanation for the early origins of Exaceae across Africa, Madagascar and the Indian subcontinent unless a strong assumption is made about the maximum age of Gentianales. However, both the Gondwanan scenario and the available evidence suggest that there were also several, more recent, intercontinental dispersals during the diversification of the group.

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Style of rifting and the stages of Pangea breakup

et al. 2015

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Pangea results from the progressive amalgamation of continental blocks achieved at 320 Ma.Assuming that the ancient concept of "active" versus "passive" rifting remains pertinent as end-members of more complex processes, we show that the progressive Pangea breakup occurred through a succession of rifting episodes characterized by different tectonic evolutions. A first episode of passive continental rifting during the Upper Carboniferous and Permian led to the formation of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Then at the beginning of Triassic times, two short episodes of active rifting associated to the Siberian and Emeishan large igneous provinces (LIPs) failed. The true disintegration of Pangea resulted from (1) a Triassic passive rifting leading to the emplacement of the central Atlantic magmatic province (200 Ma) LIP and the subsequent opening of the central Atlantic Ocean during the lowermost Jurassic and from (2) a Lower Jurassic active rifting triggered by the Karoo-Ferrar LIP (183 Ma), which led to the opening of the West Indian Ocean. The same sequence of passive then active rifting is observed during the Lower Cretaceous with, in between, the Parana-Etendeka LIP at 135 Ma. We show that the relationships between the style of rifts and their breakdown or with the type of resulting margins (as magma poor or magma dominated) are not straightforward. Finally, we discuss the respective role of mantle global warming promoted by continental agglomeration and mantle plumes in the weakening of the continental lithosphere and their roles as rifting triggers.

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The position of Madagascar within Gondwana and its movements during Gondwana dispersal

Cited by 97 publications

References 29 publications

Complex rift geometries resulting from inheritance of pre-existing structures: Insights and regional implications from the Barmer Basin rift

Complex rift geometries resulting from inheritance of pre-existing structures: Insights and regional implications from the Barmer Basin rift

Back to Gondwanaland: can ancient vicariance explain (some) Indian Ocean disjunct plant distributions?

Style of rifting and the stages of Pangea breakup

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