The portal protein of bacteriophage SPP1: a DNA pump with 13-fold symmetry.

Dube, Prakash; Tavares, Paulo; Lurz, Rudolf; Heel, Marin van

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05775.x

Cited by 247 publications

(238 citation statements)

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“…ORFs ph4 and cn3 were 99% identical and showed homology to Bacillus subtilis phage SPP1 Gp6-like putative portal protein (18). Portal proteins enable DNA passage into phage heads during packaging by forming a 12-foldsymmetrical ring (40,74).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Complete Genome Sequence of TwoStaphylococcus epidermidisBacteriophages

Daniel¹,

Bonnen

Fischetti³

2007

J Bacteriol

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections and is often associated with infections in patients with implanted prosthetic devices. A number of virulence determinants have been identified in S. epidermidis, which are typically acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Due to the high recombination potential, bacteriophages play an important role in these transfer events. Knowledge of phage genome sequences provides insights into phage-host biology and evolution. We present the complete genome sequence and a molecular characterization of two S. epidermidis phages, PH15 (PH15) and CNPH82 (CNPH82). Both phages belonged to the Siphoviridae family and produced stable lysogens. The PH15 and CNPH82 genomes displayed high sequence homology; however, our analyses also revealed important functional differences. The PH15 genome contained two introns, and in vivo splicing of phage mRNAs was demonstrated for both introns. Secondary structures for both introns were also predicted and showed high similarity to those of Streptococcus thermophilus phage 2972 introns. An additional finding was differential superinfection inhibition between the two phages that corresponded with differences in nucleotide sequence and overall gene content within the lysogeny module. We conducted phylogenetic analyses on all known Siphoviridae, which showed PH15 and CNPH82 clustering with Staphylococcus aureus, creating a novel clade within the S. aureus group and providing a higher overall resolution of the siphophage branch of the phage proteomic tree than previous studies. Until now, no S. epidermidis phage genome sequences have been reported in the literature, and thus this study represents the first complete genomic and molecular description of two S. epidermidis phages.Staphylococcus epidermidis, a member of the novobiocin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci, is an important opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections (42, 55). S. epidermidis predominantly colonizes the mucous membranes, groin, and axillar areas, as well as the cutaneous system of human body, with bacterial counts of up to 10 to 10 3 CFU/cm 2 (26). S. epidermidis is usually considered a harmless commensal microorganism; however, infections can occur in immunocompromised individuals and in patients with indwelling or implanted medical devices such as prosthetic heart valves and joint prostheses, where the staphylococci penetrate cutaneous and mucosal barriers (79). With the increasing use of such devices in medical practice, several million people are affected by complications arising from S. epidermidis infections (49). The widespread use of various antimicrobial agents, including penicillins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and semisynthetic penicillins such as methicillin, has now led to the emergence of multiple-drug-resistant S. epidermidis strains (21, 72).Two S. epidermidis genomes have been sequenced: those of the non-biofilm-forming, non-infection-associated strain ATCC 12228 and the infecti...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Complete Genome Sequence of TwoStaphylococcus epidermidisBacteriophages

Daniel¹,

Bonnen

Fischetti³

2007

J Bacteriol

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“…By 3D reconstruction a central channel has been observed (Carazo et al, 1985) that is probably required for translocating the DNA (Carrascosa et al, 1990). Connectors exhibit 12-fold (Driedonks et al, 1981;Carrascosa et al, 1982;Kochan et al, 1984;Carazo et al, 1986;Kocsis et al, 1995;Cerritelli and Studier, 1996) as well as 13-fold (Dube et al, 1993;Tsuprun et al, 1994) rotational symmetry. This interesting polymorphism fostered different models for the DNA The adsorption buffer may vary from 4 to 10 at KCl or NaCl concentrations between 50 and 500 mM; the ideal imaging buffer is pH 8.2-9.2, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM KCl.…”

Section: Fig 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Biological Molecules to a Solid Support for Scanning Probe Microscopy

Müller

Amrein

Engel

1997

Journal of Structural Biology

286

204

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“…ATP hydrolysis is required for chromosome packaging and in both the T3 and c|)29 systems, about two base pairs are packaged per ATP hydrolysed {Morita et al, 1993;Guo et al, 1987). Many models have been proposed for the molecular basis of how translocation is driven by ATP hydrolysis, including models in which ATP hydrolysis drives (i) a gated osmotic pump (Serwer, 1988), (ii) a rotating threaded nut (Hendrlx, 1978;Dube et al, 1993), (iii) flexing grappling arms (Earnshaw and Casjens, 1980;Shibata etal, 1987;Morita etal., 1993), (iv) a topoisomerase that introduces strain that is translated into translocation (Black and Silverman, 1978), and {v) a rotating winch (Turnquist etal, 1992). In no system has any model been shown to be correct.…”

Section: Translocation: Machinery and Energeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus DNA packaging: the strategy used by phage λ

Catalano

Cue

Feiss

1995

Molecular Microbiology

185

187

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SummaryPhage I, like a number of other iarge DNA bacteriophages and the herpesviruses, produces concatemeric DNA during DNA replication. The concatemeric DNA is processed to produce unit-length, virion DNA by cutting at specific sites along the cortcatemer. DNA cutting is co-ordinated with DNA packaging, the process of translocation of the cut DNA into the preformed capsid precursor, the prohead. A key player in the X DNA packaging process is the phage-encoded enzyme terminase, which is involved in (i) recognition of (he concatemeric k DNA; (fi) initiation of packaging, which includes the introduction of staggered nicks at cosN to generate the cohesive ends of virion DNA and the binding of the proliead; (iii) DNA packaging, possibly including the ATP-driven DNA translocation; and (iv) following translocation, the cutting of the terminal cosN lo complete DNA packaging. To one side of cosN is the site cosB, which plays a role in the initiation of packaging; along with ATP, cosB stimulates the efficiency and adds fidelity to the endonuclease activity of terminase in cutting cosN. cosB is essential for the formation of a post-cleavage complex with terminase, complex I, that binds the prohead, forming a ternary assembly, complex II. Terminase interacts with cosN through its iarge subunit, gpA, and the small terminase subunit, gpNu1, interacts with cosB. Packaging follows complex 11 formation. cosN is flanked on the other side by the site cosQ, which is needed for termination, but not initiation, of DNA packaging. cosO is required for cutting of the second cosN, i.e. the cosW at which termination occurs. DNA packaging in X, has aspects that differ from other X DNA transactions. Unlike the site-specific Received

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The portal protein of bacteriophage SPP1: a DNA pump with 13-fold symmetry.

Cited by 247 publications

References 22 publications

First Complete Genome Sequence of TwoStaphylococcus epidermidisBacteriophages

First Complete Genome Sequence of TwoStaphylococcus epidermidisBacteriophages

Adsorption of Biological Molecules to a Solid Support for Scanning Probe Microscopy

Virus DNA packaging: the strategy used by phage λ

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