The porosity trend and pore sizes of the rocks in the continental crust of the earth: Evidence from experimental data on permeability

Vitovtova, V. M.; Shmonov, V. M.; Zharikov, A. V.

doi:10.1134/s1069351314040181

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In general, porosity decreases with increasing lithostatic pressure, which closes pore spaces, cracks, and fractures. Vitovtova et al (2014), for example, estimate Earth's mantle porosity at a few percent at a depth of 10 km, decreasing to 0.01-0.1% at 35 km. The trend can be more complex.…”

Section: Rock Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Investigations of Habitability in Ice‐Covered Ocean Worlds

et al. 2018

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Geophysical measurements can reveal the structures and thermal states of icy ocean worlds. The interior density, temperature, sound speed, and electrical conductivity thus characterize their habitability. We explore the variability and correlation of these parameters using 1‐D internal structure models. We invoke thermodynamic consistency using available thermodynamics of aqueous MgSO4, NaCl (as seawater), and NH3; pure water ice phases I, II, III, V, and VI; silicates; and any metallic core that may be present. Model results suggest, for Europa, that combinations of geophysical parameters might be used to distinguish an oxidized ocean dominated by MgSO4 from a more reduced ocean dominated by NaCl. In contrast with Jupiter's icy ocean moons, Titan and Enceladus have low‐density rocky interiors, with minimal or no metallic core. The low‐density rocky core of Enceladus may comprise hydrated minerals or anhydrous minerals with high porosity. Cassini gravity data for Titan indicate a high tidal potential Love number (k2>0.6), which requires a dense internal ocean (ρocean>1,200 kg m−3) and icy lithosphere thinner than 100 km. In that case, Titan may have little or no high‐pressure ice, or a surprisingly deep water‐rock interface more than 500 km below the surface, covered only by ice VI. Ganymede's water‐rock interface is the deepest among known ocean worlds, at around 800 km. Its ocean may contain multiple phases of high‐pressure ice, which will become buoyant if the ocean is sufficiently salty. Callisto's interior structure may be intermediate to those of Titan and Europa, with a water‐rock interface 250 km below the surface covered by ice V but not ice VI.

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Section: Rock Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Investigations of Habitability in Ice‐Covered Ocean Worlds

et al. 2018

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“…Experimental tests show that voids are closed at pressure larger than 250 MPa [Kern, 1990], unless fluids fill the voids. We test porosity effects on our results by applying empirical laws to model its depth variation [Vitovtova et al, 2014] and influence on compressional wave velocities [Wyllie et al, 1958].…”

Section: Crustal Composition and Calculation Of Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chemical composition, water and temperature on physical properties of continental crust

Guerri

Cammarano

Connolly

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We explore the influence of major elements chemistry and H 2 O-content on the density and seismic velocity of crustal rocks by computing stable and metastable crustal mineralogy and elastic properties as a function of pressure and temperature (P-T). Proposed average compositions of continental crust result in significantly different properties, for example a difference in computed density of $ 4 % is obtained at a given P-T. Phase transformations affect crustal properties at the point that crustal seismic discontinuities can be explained with mineral reactions rather than chemical stratification. H 2 O, even if introduced in small amount in the chemical system, has an effect on physical properties comparable to that attributed to variations in major elements composition. Thermodynamical relationships between physical properties differ significantly from commonly used empirical relationships. Density models obtained by inverting CRUST 1.0 compressional wave velocity are different from CRUST 1.0 density and translate into variations in isostatic topography and gravitational field that ranges 6600 m and 6150 mGal respectively. Inferred temperatures are higher than reference geotherms in the upper crust and in the deeper portions of thick orogenic crust, consistently with presence of metastable rocks. Our results highlight interconnections/dependencies among chemistry, pressure, temperature, seismic velocities and density that need to be addressed to better understand the crustal thermo-chemical state.

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“…In doing this, we increase the seismically inferred velocities to the values expected for rock that is a pore‐free mineralogical aggregate, which is the underlying approximation in thermodynamic modeling. Porosity as a function of depth is estimated with the empirical, quadratic formula in Vitovtova et al ():

l o g ϕ = - 0.65 - 0.16 h + 0.0019 h^{2}

where ϕ is the porosity (%)and h the depth in kilometers. Porosity at depth is then used to correct the observed shear wave velocities using the empirical relation V Scorr = V S +7.07 ϕ in Castagna et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In doing this, we increase the seismically inferred velocities to the values expected for rock that is a pore-free mineralogical aggregate, which is the underlying approximation in thermodynamic modeling. Porosity as a function of depth is estimated with the empirical, quadratic formula in Vitovtova et al (2014):…”

Section: Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring Crustal Temperatures Beneath Italy From Joint Inversion of Receiver Functions and Surface Waves

et al. 2019

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Temperature distribution at depth is of key importance for characterizing the crust, defining its mechanical behavior and deformation. Temperature can be retrieved by heat flow measurements in boreholes that are sparse, shallow, and have limited reliability, especially in active and recently active areas. Laboratory data and thermodynamic modeling demonstrate that temperature exerts a strong control on the seismic properties of rocks, supporting the hypothesis that seismic data can be used to constrain the crustal thermal structure. We use Rayleigh wave dispersion curves and receiver functions, jointly inverted with a transdimensional Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm, to retrieve the VS and VP/VS within the crust in the Italian peninsula. The high values (>1.9) of VP/VS suggest the presence of filled‐fluid cracks in the middle and lower crust. Intracrustal discontinuities associated with large values of VP/VS are interpreted as the α−β quartz transition and used to estimate geothermal gradients. These are in agreement with the temperatures inferred from shear wave velocities and exhibit a behavior consistent with the known tectonic and geodynamic setting of the Italian peninsula. We argue that such methods, based on seismological observables, provide a viable alternative to heat flow measurements for inferring crustal thermal structure.

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The porosity trend and pore sizes of the rocks in the continental crust of the earth: Evidence from experimental data on permeability

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Geophysical Investigations of Habitability in Ice‐Covered Ocean Worlds

Geophysical Investigations of Habitability in Ice‐Covered Ocean Worlds

Effects of chemical composition, water and temperature on physical properties of continental crust

Inferring Crustal Temperatures Beneath Italy From Joint Inversion of Receiver Functions and Surface Waves

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