The Population Study of Women in Göteborg 1974–1975 —the Second Phase of a Longitudinal Study: General Design, Purpose and Sampling Results

Bengtsson, Calle; Hallberg, Leif; Hällström, Tore; Hultborn, A.; Isaksson, B; Lennartsson, Jan; Lindquist, Olof; Lindstedt, Sven; Noppa, Henry; Redvall, Lars; Samuelsson, Sverker

doi:10.1177/140349487800600201

Cited by 102 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Three hundred and fifty-five of them returned between late 1968 and early 1970 for additional testing of glucose metabolism. 25 At the time of the 6-and 12-year follow-up studies, 26 -27 the rate of reexamination among surviving members of this subgroup of the cohort was 91. 4% (1974-1975) and 86.3% (1980)(1981).…”

Section: Population and Protocolmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fasting insulin in relation to subsequent blood pressure changes and hypertension in women.

et al. 1992

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The role of hyperinsullnemia in the development of hypertension is not well understood, particularly insofar as both conditions relate to obesity. The present analysis examines the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia, independent of obesity, precedes hypertension and natural blood pressure increases in women. The subjects were 50 -year-old women from a prospective population study in Gothenburg, Sweden. Fasting insulin levels were determined at baseline (1968)(1969) and were evaluated in relation to subsequent hypertension. Blood pressures were measured at the initial physical examination and at the 6-and 12-year follow-up examinations. The first analysis presented here (n=278) identified incident cases of hypertension during the 12-year follow-up period, whereas the second analysis (n=219) examined continuous changes in blood pressure. In both analyses, degree, type, and changes in obesity were considered as possible confounding factors. High fasting Insulin values were predictive of subsequent incidence of hypertension over the 12-year follow-up period. Subjects with insulin values above the 75th percentile experienced three times more hypertension than did those below the 25th percentile. There was also a significant association between insulin at baseline and increases in diastollc (but not systolic) blood pressure. The positive relations between fasting insulin, on one hand, and diastolic blood pressure changes and hypertension, on the other, could not be explained by confounding effects of body mass index, waist/hip ratio, or weight gain. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that fasting insulin levels may be one predisposing factor in the etiology of hypertension. associations between hypertensive and hyperin-L. sulinemic states, the mechanisms of which are not clearly established.1 " 5 There is some evidence that elevated insulin levels might raise blood pressure by enhancing renal absorption of sodium.6 -8 It has also been proposed that insulin-induced changes in intracellular electrolyte balance might affect heart muscle and arteriole contractility, causing peripheral resistance and hypertension. 910 Alternatively, insulin may exert hypothalamic effects, with increased sympathetic activity raising heart rate and blood pressure.1112 Finally, rather than being linked by a causal pathway, insulin and blood pressure might be associated due to confounding by a third factor. Because obesity has been associated with both conditions, its possible explanatory role in the association between hyperinsulinemia and hypertension has been an additional topic of interest.13 -15 Two recent reports have suggested that the association between insulin resistance and hypertension may be specific to certain ethnic groups 16 or vary as a function of obesity. A few recent epidemiologic studies have studied this issue prospectivery, with mixed results. Salomaa et al 18 observed a small impairment of glucose tolerance in normotensive men before the onset of clinical hypertension. Skarfors et al 19 observed that fasti...

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Section: Population and Protocolmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fasting insulin in relation to subsequent blood pressure changes and hypertension in women.

et al. 1992

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“…Both Swedish population studies [13,16,17] and population studies from other countries [14,15] showed a relationship between SOC and SRH. To our knowledge only two other studies have been conducted with the focus on factors that characterize middle-aged women in a general Swedish population [18,19]. Bengtsson and co-authors' study [18] focuses on the prevalence of heart diseases, obesity, diabetes, and anaemia and the risk factors for these diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Self-rated Health in Middle-aged Women: Associations with Sense of Coherence and Socioeconomic and Health-related Factors

Håkansson¹,

Svartvik²,

Lidfeldt³

et al. 2003

Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy

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This study aimed to describe and analyse self-rated health in relation to sense of coherence and socioeconomic and health-related factors and to explore the associations between self-rated health and these factors in order to identify health resources and health limitations in a group of healthy middle-aged women. Healthy middle-aged women from a defined geographical area in Southern Sweden ( n =577) answered a postal survey with the sense of coherence scale and questions about socioeconomic and health-related conditions. The results showed that very good/rather good self-rated health was associated with high sense of coherence and good economic situation, and these factors can be seen as a health resource. Poor self-rated health was most strongly associated with perceived symptoms of tension, weak sense of coherence, treatment for depression, treatment for chronic disease, and difficult economic situation, and these factors can be seen as health limitations. In conclusion, only 29% of the women rated their health as very good and 41% of the women had symptoms of tension but they were not sick-listed. It is of major public health interest to improve the understanding of self-rated health and to develop health promotion for women and methods to prevent symptoms of tension and sick-listing.

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“…The participation rate was 90.1%, mainly similar in the different age strata studied. The participants were re-examined after 6 and 12 y, 17,18 and a third follow-up was carried out after 24 y, in 1992 -1993. 19 In 1980 -1981 two additional groups aged 26 (85 participants) and 38 (122 participants) took part.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure and pulse pressure development in a population sample of women with special reference to basal body mass and distribution of body fat and their changes during 24 years

Kristjansson

Sigurdsson

Lissner³

et al. 2003

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE:To study blood pressure and pulse pressure longitudinally and their association with basal and change of body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR). DESIGN: A prospective population study of 1462 women in Gothenburg, Sweden, aged 38 -60 y at baseline, with a longitudinal follow-up of 24 y. OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure at baseline and after 12 and 24 y of follow-up. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as pulse pressure increased with age and turned down again at high age. BMI and WHR at baseline were each independently associated with baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but only BMI with pulse pressure. However, baseline BMI and WHR were not associated with change of systolic, diastolic or pulse pressure during 12 or 24 y of follow-up. Increase in BMI during the follow-up period was associated with increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure but not with increase in pulse pressure. There were no such associations with WHR changes which, were either unrelated or in one analysis inversely related with blood pressure changes. When considering incidence of hypertension during the first 12 y of follow-up, BMI and change in BMI were significant predictors, independent of WHR. CONCLUSION: Age, BMI and increments in BMI seem to be strong predictors for hypertension and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in women. In contrast, WHR plays a lesser and uncertain role in the development of hypertension in middle-aged women. Changes in BMI seem not to be accompanied by changes in pulse pressure during a long time follow-up.

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The Population Study of Women in Göteborg 1974–1975 —the Second Phase of a Longitudinal Study: General Design, Purpose and Sampling Results

Cited by 102 publications

References 5 publications

Fasting insulin in relation to subsequent blood pressure changes and hypertension in women.

Fasting insulin in relation to subsequent blood pressure changes and hypertension in women.

Self-rated Health in Middle-aged Women: Associations with Sense of Coherence and Socioeconomic and Health-related Factors

Blood pressure and pulse pressure development in a population sample of women with special reference to basal body mass and distribution of body fat and their changes during 24 years

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