The population of the Galactic plane as seen by MSX

Lumsden, S. L.; Hoare, M. G.; Oudmaijer, R. D.; Richards, David

doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05785.x

Cited by 157 publications

(268 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Maser-hosting sources are in general more massive and hotter than sources showing 1.2 mm continuum emission but no maser. Also, sources hosting methanol maser show hot core characteristics and most of them pass the Lumsden MSX criterion for massive protostars in the Galactic plane (Lumsden et al 2002). Finally, methanol masers have been detected toward dark mid-IR clouds, clearly indicating that star formation is ongoing in those regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

A general catalogue of 6.7 GHz methanol masers

Pestalozzi

Chrysostomou

Collett

et al. 2006

A&A

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Context. Methanol masers at 6.7 GHz are recognised markers of high-mass star formation regions. The study of their distribution in the Galaxy gives important insights into the star formation activity of the Milky Way. We present a statistical analysis on the General Catalogue of 6.7 GHz methanol masers in the Galaxy with the aim of extracting global properties of the masers. Aims. We provide constraints on the luminosity function of 6.7 GHz methanol masers and on their total number in the Galaxy. Methods. We model the spatial distribution of the masers in the Milky Way by using their distribution in galactocentric distance which is unambiguous once a rotation curve for the Galaxy is assumed. This is the starting point for determining the luminosity function of the masers.Results. The luminosity function of 6.7 GHz methanol masers is modelled as a power-law with sharp cutoffs and having an index lying between −1.5 and −2. We also predict the number of detections of methanol masers assuming different sensitivity limits in the observations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

A general catalogue of 6.7 GHz methanol masers

Pestalozzi

Chrysostomou

Collett

et al. 2006

A&A

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“…While various samples of high-mass proto-stellar objects have been defined based on various criteria, such as maser emission (e.g., Walsh et al 1997;Pestalozzi et al 2005) and infrared (IR) colors (Palla et al 1991;Molinari et al 1996;Sridharan et al 2002;Lumsden et al 2002;Robitaille et al 2008), an unbiased sample has not yet been assembled. Much effort has focused on follow-up studies of bright IR sources detected by the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) and showing far-infrared (FIR) colors typical of ultra-compact H ii regions (Wood & Churchwell 1989), e.g., in high-density molecular tracers (Bronfman et al 1996;Molinari et al 1996), dust continuum emission , or maser emission (e.g., Palla et al 1993;Beuther et al 2002).…”

Section: Article Published By Edp Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATLASGAL – The APEX telescope large area survey of the galaxy at 870 $\mathsf{\mu}$m

Schüller¹,

Menten²,

Contreras

et al. 2009

A&A

725

927

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Context. Thanks to its excellent 5100 m high site in Chajnantor, the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) systematically explores the southern sky at submillimeter wavelengths, in both continuum and spectral line emission. Studying continuum emission from interstellar dust is essential to locating the highest density regions in the interstellar medium, and deriving their masses, column densities, density structures, and large-scale morphologies. In particular, the early stages of (massive) star formation remain poorly understood, mainly because only small samples of high-mass proto-stellar or young stellar objects have been studied in detail so far. Aims. Our goal is to produce a large-scale, systematic database of massive pre-and proto-stellar clumps in the Galaxy, to understand how and under what conditions star formation takes place. Only a systematic survey of the Galactic Plane can provide the statistical basis for unbiased studies. A well characterized sample of Galactic star-forming sites will deliver an evolutionary sequence and a mass function of high-mass, star-forming clumps. This systematic survey at submillimeter wavelengths also represents a preparatory work for Herschel and ALMA. Methods. The APEX telescope is ideally located to observe the inner Milky Way. The Large APEX Bolometer Camera (LABOCA) is a 295-element bolometer array observing at 870 μm, with a beam size of 19. 2. Taking advantage of its large field of view (11. 4) and excellent sensitivity, we started an unbiased survey of the entire Galactic Plane accessible to APEX, with a typical noise level of 50−70 mJy/beam: the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL). Results. As a first step, we covered ∼95 deg 2 of the Galactic Plane. These data reveal ∼6000 compact sources brighter than 0.25 Jy, or 63 sources per square degree, as well as extended structures, many of them filamentary. About two thirds of the compact sources have no bright infrared counterpart, and some of them are likely to correspond to the precursors of (high-mass) proto-stars or protoclusters. Other compact sources harbor hot cores, compact H ii regions, or young embedded clusters, thus tracing more evolved stages after massive stars have formed. Assuming a typical distance of 5 kpc, most sources are clumps smaller than 1 pc with masses from a few 10 to a few 100 M . In this first introductory paper, we show preliminary results from these ongoing observations, and discuss the mid-and long-term perspectives of the survey.

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“…We refer here to the diagrams shown in Figs. 3, 4, 9 and 10 in Lumsden et al (2002) as L1, L2, L3 and L4, respectively. In each of these diagrams we defined a line along the reddening vector which limits the zone where most of the known PNe in the diagrams are We studied the locations of our candidates, symbiotic stars, T-Tauri and post-AGB stars in the diagrams L1, L2, L3 and L4 and found that all of them separate PNe from T-Tauri and symbiotic stars quite nicely.…”

Section: Msx + 2mass Infrared Diagramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate planetary nebulae in the IPHAS photometric catalogue

Viironen¹,

Greimel

Corradi³

et al. 2009

A&A

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Context. We have carried out a semi-automated search for planetary nebulae (PNe) in the INT photometric H-alpha survey (IPHAS) catalogue. We present the PN search and the list of selected candidates. We cross correlate the selected candidates with a number of existing infrared galactic surveys in order to gain further insight into the nature of the candidates. Spectroscopy of a subset of objects is used to estimate the number of PNe present in the entire candidate list. Aims. The overall aim of the IPHAS PN project is to carry out a deep census of PNe in the northern Galactic plane, an area where PN detections are clearly lacking. Methods. The PN search is carried out on the IPHAS photometric catalogue. The candidate selection is based on the IPHAS and 2MASS/UKIDSS colours of the objects and the final candidate selection is made visually. Results. From the original list of ∼600 million IPHAS detections we have selected a total of 1005 objects. Of these, 224 are known objects, leaving us with 781 PN candidates. Based on the initial follow-up spectroscopy, we expect the list to include very young and proto-PNe in addition to genuine, normal PNe (∼16%) and emission line objects other than PNe. We present additional criteria to select the most probable PN candidates from our candidate list.

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The population of the Galactic plane as seen by MSX

Cited by 157 publications

References 60 publications

A general catalogue of 6.7 GHz methanol masers

A general catalogue of 6.7 GHz methanol masers

ATLASGAL – The APEX telescope large area survey of the galaxy at 870 $\mathsf{\mu}$m

Candidate planetary nebulae in the IPHAS photometric catalogue

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