The Population of Compact Radio Sources in the Orion Nebula Cluster

Forbrich, Jan; Rivilla, V. M.; Menten, K. M.; Reid, M. J.; Chandler, Claire J.; Rau, Urvashi; Bhatnagar, S.; Wolk, S. J.; Meingast, Stefan

doi:10.3847/0004-637x/822/2/93

Cited by 49 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We have also recovered 64 of the 77 sources detected by Zapata et al (2004a), 9 of the 11 sources found by Zapata et al (2004b), 42 of the 54 sources found by Kounkel et al (2014), and 144 of the 556 sources found by Forbrich et al (2016). We detect 29 of the 35 sources that were previously detected at 2 cm.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Radio Surveysmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The expanded capabilities of the VLA correlator (Perley et al 2009), now enable surveys of much higher sensitivity than were previously possible. More recent surveys have taken advantage of this increase in sensitivity to map star-forming regions, including the ONC at 4.5 and 7.5 GHz (Dzib et al 2013;Kounkel et al 2014;Forbrich et al 2016). This enhanced sensitivity is well matched to the deeper observations now enabled with ALMA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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A Vla Survey for Faint Compact Radio Sources in the Orion Nebula Cluster

Sheehan

Eisner

Mann

et al. 2016

ApJ

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We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array 1.3, 3.6, and 6 cm continuum maps of compact radio sources in the Orion Nebular Cluster (ONC). We mosaicked 34 arcmin 2 at 1.3 cm, 70 arcmin 2 at 3.6 cm and 109 arcmin 2 at 6 cm, containing 778 near-infrared detected young stellar objects and 190 Hubble Space Telescope-identified proplyds (with significant overlap between those characterizations). We detected radio emission from 175 compact radio sources in the ONC, including 26 sources that were detected for the first time at these wavelengths. For each detected source, we fitted a simple free-free and dust emission model to characterize the radio emission. We extrapolate the free-free emission spectrum model for each source to ALMA bands to illustrate how these measurements could be used to correctly measure protoplanetary disk dust masses from submillimeter flux measurements. Finally, we compare the fluxes measured in this survey with previously measured fluxes for our targets, as well as four separate epochs of 1.3 cm data, to search for and quantify the variability of our sources.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Radio Surveysmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

A Vla Survey for Faint Compact Radio Sources in the Orion Nebula Cluster

Sheehan

Eisner

Mann

et al. 2016

ApJ

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“…The astrometric radio studies of the Orion Trapezium-BN/ KL region appears promising for the future, since Forbrich et al (2016) detected a total of 556 compact radio sources in this region. With additional new high resolution and high sensitivity radio observations distributed in the next decade, it will be possible to measure the proper motion of these hundreds of sources and perform a comprehensive internal kinematic study of YSOs in the densest region of Orion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 northeast of BN. It was first reported at radio frequencies by Forbrich et al (2016) 14 with a spectral index that suggests nonthermal emission. Extrapolating the proper motions of IRc 23 to 550 years in the past it appears to agree, within the errors, with the position where sources BN, I, and n were then 14 It was, however, clearly detected before by Menten & Reid (1995) and by Gómez et al (2008).…”

Section: Fast Moving Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together they cover an area of a few square arcminutes. This area is also one of the most crowded with YSOs emitting at radio frequencies (i.e., Churchwell et al 1987;Garay et al 1987;Zapata et al 2004;Kounkel et al 2014;Forbrich et al 2016). Taking advantage of these characteristics and using multi-epoch observations, the proper motion of several objects were measured by Gómez et al (2005Gómez et al ( , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radio Measurements of the Stellar Proper Motions in the Core of the Orion Nebula Cluster

Dzib

Loinard

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2017

ApJ

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Using multi-epoch Very Large Array observations, covering a time baseline of 29.1 years, we have measured the proper motions of 88 young stars with compact radio emission in the core of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) and the neighboring BN/KL region. Our work increases the number of young stars with measured proper motion at radio frequencies by a factor of 2.5 and enables us to perform a better statistical analysis of the kinematics of the region than was previously possible. 1.27 0.15 mas yr −1 . We looked for organized movements of these stars but found no clear indication of radial expansion/contraction or rotation. The remaining nine stars in our sample show peculiar proper motions that differ from the mean proper motions of the ONC by more than 3σ. One of these stars, V1326 Ori, could have been expelled from the Orion Trapezium 7000 years ago. Two could be related to the multi-stellar disintegration in the BN/KL region, in addition to the previously known sources BN, I and n. The others either have high uncertainties (so their anomalous proper motions are not firmly established) or could be foreground objects.

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ALMA observations of the Orion Integral Filament: evidence for fibers in a massive cloud

et al. 2018

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Aims. Are all filaments bundles of fibers? To address this question, we have investigated the gas organization within the paradigmatic Integral Shape Filament (ISF) in Orion. Methods. We combined two new ALMA Cycle 3 mosaics with previous IRAM 30m observations to produce a high-dynamic range N 2 H + (1-0) emission map of the ISF tracing its high-density material and velocity structure down to scales of 0.009 pc (or ∼ 2000 AU).Results. From the analysis of the gas kinematics, we identify a total of 55 dense fibers in the central region of the ISF. Independently of their location in the cloud, these fibers are characterized by transonic internal motions, lengths of ∼ 0.15 pc, and masses per-unitlength close to those expected in hydrostatic equilibrium. The ISF fibers are spatially organized forming a dense bundle with multiple hub-like associations likely shaped by the local gravitational potential. Within this complex network, the ISF fibers show a compact radial emission profile with a median FWHM of 0.035 pc systematically narrower than the previously proposed universal 0.1 pc filament width. Conclusions. Our ALMA observations reveal complex bundles of fibers in the ISF, suggesting strong similarities between the internal substructure of this massive filament and previously studied lower-mass objects. The fibers show identical dynamic properties in both low-and high-mass regions, and their widespread detection in nearby clouds suggests a preferred organizational mechanism of gas in which the physical fiber dimensions (width and length) are self-regulated depending on their intrinsic gas density. Combining these results with previous works in Musca, Taurus, and Perseus, we identify a systematic increase of the surface density of fibers as a function of the total mass per-unit-length in filamentary clouds. Based on this empirical correlation, we propose a unified starformation scenario where the observed differences between low-and high-mass clouds, and the origin of clusters, emerge naturally from the initial concentration of fibers.

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The Population of Compact Radio Sources in the Orion Nebula Cluster

Cited by 49 publications

References 40 publications

A Vla Survey for Faint Compact Radio Sources in the Orion Nebula Cluster

A Vla Survey for Faint Compact Radio Sources in the Orion Nebula Cluster

Radio Measurements of the Stellar Proper Motions in the Core of the Orion Nebula Cluster

ALMA observations of the Orion Integral Filament: evidence for fibers in a massive cloud

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