The population impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccination on the incidence of HSV-2, HIV and genital ulcer disease in South Africa: a mathematical modelling study

Stone, Jack; Looker, Katharine J; Silhol, Romain; Turner, Katherine Mary Elizabeth; Hayes, Richard; Coetzee, Jenny; Baral, Stefan; Schwartz, Sheree; Mayaud, Philippe; Gottlieb, Sami L.; Boily, Marie‐Claude; Vickerman, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104530

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A recent mathematical modeling study described the potential benefit of a therapeutic vaccine for genital herpes in an HSV-2/HIV high-prevalence setting. The model predicted that a therapeutic vaccine that is 50% effective and has 40% uptake could reduce the incidence of HSV-2 and HIV by 19% and 17%, respectively, after 40 years if administered to symptomatic individuals with genital herpes [ 49 ]. While these numbers are encouraging, we are targeting an efficacy level higher than 50%, and, hopefully, an uptake better than 40%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Adjuvant S-540956 Targets Lymph Nodes and Reduces Genital Recurrences and Vaginal Shedding of HSV-2 DNA When Administered with HSV-2 Glycoprotein D as a Therapeutic Vaccine in Guinea Pigs

Awasthi

Onishi

Lubinski

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a leading cause of genital ulcer disease and a major risk factor for acquisition and transmission of HIV. Frequent recurrent genital lesions and concerns about transmitting infection to intimate partners affect the quality of life of infected individuals. Therapeutic vaccines are urgently needed to reduce the frequency of genital lesions and transmission. S-540956 is a novel vaccine adjuvant that contains CpG oligonucleotide ODN2006 annealed to its complementary sequence and conjugated to a lipid that targets the adjuvant to lymph nodes. Our primary goal was to compare S-540956 administered with HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD2) with no treatment in a guinea pig model of recurrent genital herpes (studies 1 and 2). Our secondary goals were to compare S-540956 with oligonucleotide ODN2006 (study1) or glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water nano-emulsion (GLA-SE) (study 2). gD2/S-540956 reduced the number of days with recurrent genital lesions by 56%, vaginal shedding of HSV-2 DNA by 49%, and both combined by 54% compared to PBS, and was more efficacious than the two other adjuvants. Our results indicate that S-540956 has great potential as an adjuvant for a therapeutic vaccine for genital herpes, and merits further evaluation with the addition of potent T cell immunogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Adjuvant S-540956 Targets Lymph Nodes and Reduces Genital Recurrences and Vaginal Shedding of HSV-2 DNA When Administered with HSV-2 Glycoprotein D as a Therapeutic Vaccine in Guinea Pigs

Awasthi

Onishi

Lubinski

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…Genital herpes can cause severe or fatal infection in newborns through vertical congenital transmission from the mother to the infant [5,6] and can lead to severe complications in immunocompromised patients [7][8][9]. Of note, HSV-2 is strongly correlated to HIV infections [10,11]. In particular, an established HSV-2 genital infection increases the risk of acquiring HIV by approximately three-fold; HIV spread is increased in people with HIV and HSV-2 co-infection, and HSV-2 infection is one of the most common infections in people living with HIV [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Anti-Herpetic Activity of Valacyclovir Loaded in Sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin-decorated Chitosan Nanodroplets

Argenziano,

Arduino,

Rittà

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Valacyclovir (VACV) was developed as a prodrug of the most common anti-herpetic drug Acyclovir (ACV), aiming to enhance its bioavailability. Nevertheless, prolonged VACV oral treatment may lead to the development of important side effects. Nanotechnology-based formulations for vaginal administration represent a promising approach to increase the concentration of the drug at the site of infection, limiting systemic drug exposure and reducing systemic toxicity. In this study, VACV-loaded nanodroplet (ND) formulations, optimized for vaginal delivery, were designed. Cell-based assays were then carried out to evaluate the antiviral activity of VACV loaded in the ND system. The chitosan-shelled ND exhibited an average diameter of about 400 nm and a VACV encapsulation efficiency of approximately 91% and was characterized by a prolonged and sustained release of VACV. Moreover, a modification of chitosan shell with an anionic cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD), as a physical cross-linker, increased the stability and mucoadhesion capability of the nanosystem. Biological experiments showed that SBEβCD-chitosan NDs enhanced VACV antiviral activity against the herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, most likely due to the long-term controlled release of VACV loaded in the ND and an improved delivery of the drug in sub-cellular compartments.

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Vaccine value profile for herpes simplex virus

Johnston,

Scheele,

Bachmann

et al. 2024

Vaccine

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The population impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccination on the incidence of HSV-2, HIV and genital ulcer disease in South Africa: a mathematical modelling study

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Novel Adjuvant S-540956 Targets Lymph Nodes and Reduces Genital Recurrences and Vaginal Shedding of HSV-2 DNA When Administered with HSV-2 Glycoprotein D as a Therapeutic Vaccine in Guinea Pigs

Novel Adjuvant S-540956 Targets Lymph Nodes and Reduces Genital Recurrences and Vaginal Shedding of HSV-2 DNA When Administered with HSV-2 Glycoprotein D as a Therapeutic Vaccine in Guinea Pigs

Enhanced Anti-Herpetic Activity of Valacyclovir Loaded in Sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin-decorated Chitosan Nanodroplets

Vaccine value profile for herpes simplex virus

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