The Population Genetics and Evolutionary Potential of Diatoms

Rynearson, Tatiana A.; Bishop, Ian W.; Collins, Sinéad

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92499-7_2

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…The adaptive potential of phytoplankton will likely play an important role in their short-and long-term responses to climate change (Collins et al, 2014;Martiny et al, 2022;Rynearson et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adaptive potential of phytoplankton will likely play an important role in their short‐ and long‐term responses to climate change (Collins et al, 2014; Martiny et al, 2022; Rynearson et al, 2022). Given the ecological and biogeochemical importance of phytoplankton and increases in SST taking place in the SO (Fan et al, 2014; Tonelli et al, 2021), the capacity of phytoplankton to adapt to and grow in elevated SST has immediate relevance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the specific growth rates we measured here, 300 generations correspond to approximately 10-30 years of austral summer growth (just 2 months per year; Soppa et al, 2016), providing initial timelines of evolutionary change in the absence of genotypic variation. Increased incorporation of genotypic diversity into evolution experiments is needed to further clarify the relative importance of these two sources of thermal adaptation (Rynearson et al, 2022).…”

Section: Potential Eco-evolutionary Outcomes Of Phytoplankton Thermal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the potential of standing genetic variation to rescue communities and shape future adaptation (Des Roches et al, 2018; Violle et al, 2012) and its increasingly recognised role in climate‐related eco‐evolutionary dynamics of phytoplankton (Collins et al, 2014; Rynearson et al, 2022), the intraspecific trait variation that standing genetic variation produces is still poorly constrained in marine phytoplankton (Boyd et al, 2013; Godhe & Rynearson, 2017). This is particularly true for standing variation in thermal traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal trait variation may buffer Southern Ocean phytoplankton from anthropogenic warming

Bishop

Anderson

Collins

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Despite the potential of standing genetic variation to rescue communities and shape future adaptation to climate change, high levels of uncertainty are associated with intraspecific trait variation in marine phytoplankton. Recent model intercomparisons have pointed to an urgent need to reduce uncertainty in the projected responses of marine ecosystems to climate change, including Southern Ocean (SO) surface waters, which are among the most rapidly warming habitats on Earth. Because SO phytoplankton growth responses to warming sea surface temperature (SST) are poorly constrained, we developed a high‐throughput growth assay to simultaneously examine inter‐ and intra‐specific thermal trait variation in a group of 43 taxonomically diverse and biogeochemically important SO phytoplankton called diatoms. We found significant differential growth performance among species across thermal traits, including optimum and maximum tolerated growth temperatures. Within species, coefficients of variation ranged from 3% to 48% among strains for those same key thermal traits. Using SO SST projections for 2100, we predicted biogeographic ranges that differed by up to 97% between the least and most tolerant strains for each species, illustrating the role that strain‐specific differences in temperature response can play in shaping predictions of future phytoplankton biogeography. Our findings revealed the presence and scale of thermal trait variation in SO phytoplankton and suggest these communities may already harbour the thermal trait diversity required to withstand projected 21st‐century SST change in the SO even under severe climate forcing scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Eco-evolutionary Outcomes Of Phytoplankton Thermal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thermal trait variation may buffer Southern Ocean phytoplankton from anthropogenic warming

Bishop

Anderson

Collins

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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“…Since an assembly of genotypically diverse individuals constitutes a population, methodological approaches have been developed in order to determine the genetic variation among individuals (reviewed for Diatoms in Rynearson et al 2022). One of the major challenges is the difficulty to isolate individuals in sufficient number for classical diversity analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An INDEL genomic approach to explore population diversity of phytoplankton

Devic¹,

Mariac²,

Verge³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Although Bathycoccus is one of the most abundant picophytoplankton, little is known about the genetic diversity underlying its adaptation to ecological niches. In this study, the diversity of Bathycoccus populations during their annual bloom in the Mediterranean bay of Banyuls France was assessed by an INDEL based approach. Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) was used to characterise structural variants (SV) among the genomes of Bathycoccus sampled from geographically distinct regions in the world ocean. Markers derived from INDEL were validated by PCR and sequencing in the world-wide strains. These markers were then used to genotype 55 Bathycoccus strains isolated during the winter bloom 2018-2019 in Banyuls. With five markers, eight Multi Loci Genotypes (MLG) were determined, two of which represented 53% and 29% of the isolates. Physiological studies confirmed that isolates are phenotypically different, cells isolated in February growing better at low temperature than those isolated in December. When tested on environmental samples, two diversity markers showed a similar allele frequency in sea water as in individual Bathycoccus strains isolated at the same period. We conclude that these markers constitute a resource to identify the most abundant variant alleles in a given bloom. A follow-up on three consecutive blooms revealed differences in allele abundance during the course of a bloom, particularly at initiation, and between years. In addition to Bathycoccus prasinos, two other species of Bathycoccus were identified including the recently described species B. calidus and a novel species B. catiminus, suggesting that species diversity of the genus Bathycoccus may be underestimated.

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Intraspecific genetic diversity and coexistence in phytoplankton populations

Ryderheim,

Kiørboe

2024

Limnology & Oceanography

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The past two decades have seen a drastic increase in the availability and use of genetic techniques to study phytoplankton communities. As a result, it is now well documented that phytoplankton populations are genetically diverse, despite predominantly asexual reproduction and minute morphological variation. Genetic variation can lead to variation also in phenotype, and some traits vary more among genotypes than between species. Trait‐based approaches tackle this by focusing on traits rather than on species. However, trait‐based models often have difficulty predicting and explaining the huge trait‐diversity among coexisting individuals competing for the same few resources. Thus, we ask the question: How do hundreds, if not thousands, of genotypes coexist in a highly competitive environment? In this review, we gather information on genetic and phenotypic variations in coexisting genotypes and elaborate on three mechanisms by which broad intraspecific genetic diversity may be possible: neutral mutations, environmental fluctuations, and trade‐offs among traits. These have all been applied on an interspecies level, and we discuss their use also among coexisting genotypes. We find that genetic diversity to be almost exclusively studied in blooming species and that clonal diversity frequently measure above 0.95 (i.e., 95% of individuals sampled are genetically different). Genetic diversity seems stable throughout blooms, suggesting that competitive exclusion is low or that new genetic material is frequently being introduced into populations. Further, we find high intraspecific trait‐variation in several key traits among coexisting strains but also that trait‐variation is often neglected in studies on phytoplankton, making coexistence difficult to predict.

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The Population Genetics and Evolutionary Potential of Diatoms

Cited by 4 publications

References 126 publications

Thermal trait variation may buffer Southern Ocean phytoplankton from anthropogenic warming

Thermal trait variation may buffer Southern Ocean phytoplankton from anthropogenic warming

An INDEL genomic approach to explore population diversity of phytoplankton

Intraspecific genetic diversity and coexistence in phytoplankton populations

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