The Population Biology of Plants with Clonal Growth: II. The Nutrient Strategy and Modular Physiology of Carex Arenaria

Noble, J. C.; Marshall, Chris

doi:10.2307/2259598

Cited by 91 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The growth of stolons of A. stolonifera deprived of nutrients was very restricted and their ramets responded to nutrient shortage by increasing the proportional allocation of biomass to the roots. The latter response is a well-recorded characteristic of plants grown in conditions of low nutrient status (Troughton, 1967;Noble & Marshall, 1983;Fitter & Hay, 1987) and suggests the lack of significant nutrient transfer from parts of the clone supplied with nutrients to alleviate the shortage of nutrients in parts given only water. In stolons deprived of nutrients it was also evident that the growth of the unrooted, extending portion of the stolon was reduced to a far lesser degree than that of established ramets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Similarly, transpiration by poorly rooted developing ramets and by leaves on the unrooted extending section of the main stolon will establish a gradient in water potential along the stolon that will result in the flow of water and minerals, predominantly from the nearest wellestablished rooted ramet, to sustain the growth and development of the apical region of the stolon (Headley et al, 19886;Marshall, 1990). Thus there is no real discrepancy between the results of Experiments 2 and 3 where well-established ramets of A. stolonifera showed quite independent nutrient economies and longer-term experiments where the ramets of a stolon or rhizome growing from resourcerich to resource-poor conditions are able to support both the growth of young developing ramets and the extending apical axis (Noble & Marshall, 1983;Slade & Hutchmgs, 1987a;Evans, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Mineral nutritional inter‐relations amongst stolons and tiller ramets in Agrostis stolonifera L.

Marshall

Anderson-Taylor

1992

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe functional organization of the clonal plant Agrostis stolonifera L. was investigated in terms of the mineral nutrient inter-relations between individual well-established stolons and between adjacent tiller ramets on a single stolon. Tillers on developing stolons were rooted individually and treatments established in which different patterns of mineral nutrient supply were given to various parts of the clone. In the first experiment with plants consisting of 2 main stolons and where the ramets of each stolon were supplied with either nutrient solution or water, the stolons displayed distinctly independent nutrient economies irrespective of the pattern of nutrient supply. In a second experiment, where the effect of uniform or local nutrient supply to a single stolon of rooted ramets was followed, the growth of ramets was very closely related to their local nutrient supply. In a further experiment the performance of rooted and unrooted ramets was compared in contrasting nutrient regimes. When situated between ramets supplied with nutrients, the growth and development of an unrooted ramet closely matched one that was rooted and supplied with nutrient solution but greatly exceeded that of one that was rooted and given only water.The independent mineral nutrient economies displayed by individual rooted stolons and by rooted tiller ramets is discussed in relation to the underlying physiological integration of the stolon axis that allows unrooted ramets and the unrooted extending apical region of a stolon to be provided with adequate mineral resources for their growth and development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mineral nutritional inter‐relations amongst stolons and tiller ramets in Agrostis stolonifera L.

Marshall

Anderson-Taylor

1992

New Phytologist

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“…With its larger structure, C. arenaria can probably comb out more atmospheric N via its leaves as Ammophila arenaria does (Heil and others 1988). The N-content and N/P-ratio of Carex increase with rising N-deposition mainly at older successional stages, but no correlation was apparent between different soil N-forms and Carex tissue N. At older successional stages, atmospheric N may therefore contribute more to the nutrition of Carex than soil-derived N. With its extensive rhizome network, C. arenaria can exploit and transport temporally and spatially widespread resources nearly all year round (Noble and Marshall 1983;D'Hertenfeld and Falkengren-Grerup 2002;D'Hertenfeld and Jonsdottir 1999) and thereby efficiently use the surplus nitrogen supply. C. arenaria finally wins the competition under higher N-loads.…”

Section: Which Processes Change During Grass Encroachment?mentioning

confidence: 90%

Low Atmospheric Nitrogen Loads Lead to Grass Encroachment in Coastal Dunes, but Only on Acid Soils

et al. 2009

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The impact of atmospheric N-deposition on succession from open sand to dry, lichen-rich, short grassland, and tall grass vegetation dominated by Carex arenaria was surveyed in 19 coastal dune sites along the Baltic Sea. Coastal dunes with acid or slightly calcareous sand reacted differently to atmospheric wet deposition of 5-8 kg N ha -1 y -1 . Accelerated acidification, as well as increased growth of Carex and accumulation of organic matter, was observed only at acid sites with pH NaCl of the parent material below 6.0. At sites with slightly calcareous parent material, increased N-deposition had no effect. A trigger for grass encroachment seems to be high acidification in early successional stages to below pH NaCl 4.0. Metals like Al or Fe become freely available and may hamper intolerant species. At acid sites, N-mineralization increases with elevated N-deposition, which may further stimulate Carex arenaria. Due to high growth plasticity, efficient resource allocation and tolerance of high metal concentrations, C. arenaria is a superior competitor under these conditions and can start to dominate the dune system. Carex-dominated vegetation is species-poor. Even at the moderate Nloads in this study, foliose lichens, forbs and grasses were reduced in short grass vegetation at acid sites. Species indicating these first effects of atmospheric deposition on dry, lichen-rich, short grasslands are identified and recommendations for restoration of grass-encroached sites given.

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“…In many clonal species including Dupontia fischeri (Allessio & Tieszen, 1975), Carex arenaria (Noble, 1976;Tietema, 1980;Noble & Marshall, 1983), Viola blanda (Newell, 1982), Solidago canadensis (Hartnett & Bazzaz, 1983), Uncinia meridensis (Callaghan, 1984) and G. hederacea (Slade & Hutchings, 1987b), developing ramets have been shown to receive essential resources from earlier established ramets along the same stolon. During early development, young ramets are almost completely dependent on established ramets for support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the time that stolon or rhizome connections between ramets remain intact in clonal plants, developing ramets are potentially able to receive essential resources from established ramets (Ginzo & Lovell, 1973a, b;Allessio & Tieszen, 1975;Noble, 1976;Newell, 1982;Noble & Marshall, 1983;Callaghan, 1984), thereby improving their chances of successful establishment (Sarukhan & Harper, 1973). The benefits and costs to individual ramets and to the clone as a whole of establishing and maintaining this type of physiological integration, rather than independence between ramets, are important considerations in determining whether integration will be a characteristic favoured by natural selection and the length of time for which ramets will remain integrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CLONE SIZE AND STOLON CONNECTIONS BETWEEN RAMETS ON THE GROWTH OF GLECHOMA HEDERACEA L.

Slade

Hutchings

1987

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted in which the influence of size of clones and the persistence of stolon connections on subsequent development were examined in Gtechoma hederacea. In the first experiment, clones were grown from either one unrooted ramet or from either one, two or three connected, rooted ramets, for 8 weeks, in either nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor sand. The survival, number of ramets and dry weight of the clones produced were dependent on the number of established ramets at the start of the experiment. Clones in nutrient-rich sand developed a greater number of ramets, stolon branches, total length of stolon, mean leaf area per ramet and total leaf area per clone than clones of corresponding initial size in nutrient-poor sand. In the second experiment, the stolon connections between ramets of G. hederacea clones growing in boxes were either left intact or severed soon after each ramet had rooted. After 10 weeks of growth, the total dry weight of the intact clones and the mean dry weight of their ramets were significantly greater than the corresponding values for severed clones. The spatial distribution of ramets showed marked differences between the treatments. Severed clones produced a greater number of rooted ramets within the boxes and a smaller number of unrooted ramets beyond the box edges than intact clones. Density of ramets more than doubled when stolons were severed.Maintenance of stolon connections in G. hederacea is advantageous because it improves the probability of daughter ramet survival, promotes rapid lateral expansion of the clone and reduces inter-ramet competition through the production of fewer, larger ramets.

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The Population Biology of Plants with Clonal Growth: II. The Nutrient Strategy and Modular Physiology of Carex Arenaria

Cited by 91 publications

References 22 publications

Mineral nutritional inter‐relations amongst stolons and tiller ramets in Agrostis stolonifera L.

Mineral nutritional inter‐relations amongst stolons and tiller ramets in Agrostis stolonifera L.

Low Atmospheric Nitrogen Loads Lead to Grass Encroachment in Coastal Dunes, but Only on Acid Soils

AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CLONE SIZE AND STOLON CONNECTIONS BETWEEN RAMETS ON THE GROWTH OF GLECHOMA HEDERACEA L.

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