The Polyvalent Staphylococcal Phage φ812:Its Host-Range Mutants and Related Phages

Pantůček, Roman; Rosypalová, Alena; Doškař, Jiřı́; Kailerová, Jana; Růžičková, Vladislava; Borecká, Pavla; Snopková, Šárka; Horváth, Radek; Götz, Friedrich; Rosypal, Stanislav

doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9203

Cited by 79 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…This bacteriophage has activity against a range of both coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci (37) and uses N-acetylglucosamine in cell wall teichoic acid for phage adsorption (10). Phage K is also identical to the phage named Au2 examined by Burnet and Lush (7), and restriction analysis in our laboratory revealed that it is indistinguishable from the polyvalent phage 812 (31).…”

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confidence: 56%

Genome of Staphylococcal Phage K: a New Lineage of Myoviridae Infecting Gram-Positive Bacteria with a Low G+C Content

et al. 2004

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Phage K is a polyvalent phage of the Myoviridae family which is active against a wide range of staphylococci. Phage genome sequencing revealed a linear DNA genome of 127,395 bp, which carries 118 putative open reading frames. The genome is organized in a modular form, encoding modules for lysis, structural proteins, DNA replication, and transcription. Interestingly, the structural module shows high homology to the structural module from Listeria phage A511, suggesting intergenus horizontal transfer. In addition, phage K exhibits the potential to encode proteins necessary for its own replisome, including DNA ligase, primase, helicase, polymerase, RNase H, and DNA binding proteins. Phage K has a complete absence of GATC sites, making it insensitive to restriction enzymes which cleave this sequence. Three introns (lys-I1, pol-I2, and pol-I3) encoding putative endonucleases were located in the genome. Two of these (pol-I2 and pol-I3) were found to interrupt the DNA polymerase gene, while the other (lys-I1) interrupts the lysin gene. Two of the introns encode putative proteins with homology to HNH endonucleases, whereas the other encodes a 270-amino-acid protein which contains two zinc fingers (CX 2 CX 22 CX 2 C and CX 2 CX 23 CX 2 C). The availability of the genome of this highly virulent phage, which is active against infective staphylococci, should provide new insights into the biology and evolution of large broad-spectrum polyvalent phages.

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confidence: 56%

Genome of Staphylococcal Phage K: a New Lineage of Myoviridae Infecting Gram-Positive Bacteria with a Low G+C Content

et al. 2004

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“…Bacteriophage phi812 from the genus Twort-like virus, subfamily Spounavirinae, can infect at least 95% of Staphylococcus aureus strains, including those strains resistant to antibiotics (2). Thus, phi812 has the potential to be used as antibacterial phage-therapy agent (3,4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Structure and genome release of Twort-like Myoviridae phage with a double-layered baseplate

Nováček

Šiborová

Benešík

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Bacteriophages from the family Myoviridae use double-layered contractile tails to infect bacteria. Contraction of the tail sheath enables the tail tube to penetrate through the bacterial cell wall and serve as a channel for the transport of the phage genome into the cytoplasm. However, the mechanisms controlling the tail contraction and genome release of phages with “double-layered” baseplates were unknown. We used cryo-electron microscopy to show that the binding of the Twort-like phage phi812 to the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall requires a 210° rotation of the heterohexameric receptor-binding and tripod protein complexes within its baseplate about an axis perpendicular to the sixfold axis of the tail. This rotation reorients the receptor-binding proteins to point away from the phage head, and also results in disruption of the interaction of the tripod proteins with the tail sheath, hence triggering its contraction. However, the tail sheath contraction of Myoviridae phages is not sufficient to induce genome ejection. We show that the end of the phi812 double-stranded DNA genome is bound to one protein subunit from a connector complex that also forms an interface between the phage head and tail. The tail sheath contraction induces conformational changes of the neck and connector that result in disruption of the DNA binding. The genome penetrates into the neck, but is stopped at a bottleneck before the tail tube. A subsequent structural change of the tail tube induced by its interaction with the S. aureus cell is required for the genome’s release.

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“…(30) and E. coli O157 for beef (38). The potential medical and food safety applications of phages are favored by the availability of broad-host-range Myoviridae for Staphylococcus aureus (50) and Listeria monocytogenes (41).…”

Section: Vol 186 2004mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage-Host Interaction: an Ecological Perspective

et al. 2004

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Nearly 100 years ago, Felix d'Herelle, the codiscoverer of bacteriophages, used bacteria to control insect pests and used phages against bacterial disease. His approaches reflected ecological insights before this branch of biology became an established scientific discipline. In fact, one might have predicted that phage research would become the springboard for biotechnology and ecology. However, d'Herelle was ahead of his time, and the zeitgeist in the 1930s pushed physicists into the question "What is life?" Phages as the simplest biological systems were the logical choice for this question, and phage research became the cradle of molecular biology. Now many researchers speak of a "new age of phage research." It is now realized that phages play an important role in ecology (e.g., phage impact on the cycling of organic matter in the biosphere at a global level) (27), that phages influence the evolution of bacterial genomes (most obviously in the development of bacterial pathogenicity) (7), and that phages might provide potential tools to face the antibiotic resistance crisis in medicine (59). With this new trend, we now see a clear shift from the reductionist approach, focusing on a handful of phages in carefully controlled laboratory conditions, towards the study of many different phages in the complexity of real-life situations.In contrast to the molecular biology-oriented phage research where the interaction of molecules took center stage, ecology focuses on the interactions between organisms and their physical environment. Much of ecology is therefore about the evolution of biological diversity in space and time. In contrast to many branches of biology, ecology attributes a great importance to quantitative relationships and numbers and aims at a mathematical formulation of its observations. It is thus appropriate to start this review with an overview of phage titers encountered in the biosphere. Next, we ask how a parasite targets its host if the latter is scarce or not in an appropriate physiological state. Finally, we report on research that tries to bridge phage ecology and genomics and cell biology approaches. It is concluded that the integration of phages into complex networks of interacting biological systems, and analysis by molecular techniques, could give phage research a model character in biology again.

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The Polyvalent Staphylococcal Phage φ812:Its Host-Range Mutants and Related Phages

Cited by 79 publications

References 28 publications

Genome of Staphylococcal Phage K: a New Lineage of Myoviridae Infecting Gram-Positive Bacteria with a Low G+C Content

Genome of Staphylococcal Phage K: a New Lineage of Myoviridae Infecting Gram-Positive Bacteria with a Low G+C Content

Structure and genome release of Twort-like Myoviridae phage with a double-layered baseplate

Phage-Host Interaction: an Ecological Perspective

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