The polymorphism and geographical distribution of knockdown resistance of adult Anopheles sinensis populations in eastern China

Abstract

Background Anopheles sinensis is one of the major malaria vectors in China and other southeast Asian countries, including Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand. Vector control is considered to be the critical measure for malaria control, while the increasing prevalence of insecticide resistance caused by long-term use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids, is threatening the successful control of An. sinensis . In order to understand the underlying resistance mechanisms involved and molecular basis, the principal malaria vector, An. sinensis from Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, Southeast China, was investigated. Methods The adult Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled from multiple sites across Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and sufficient mosquitoes collected from eleven sites for insecticide susceptibility bioassays. The DIIS4–DIIS6 region of the para -type sodium channel gene was amplified and sequenced, then multiple PCR and Taqman assays were used to assess the frequencies of kdr mutations at the target gene. Results In the present study, most of the adult An. sinensis populations were pyrethroids resistant, which indicated the presence of kdr resistance mutations in the para -type sodium channel gene. Sequence analyses demonstrated the kdr mutation existed at codon 1014 in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. In adult An. sinensis , three mutant types (TTT L1014F, TTC L1014F, and TGT L1014C) of kdr alleles were detected, while no wild type (TTG L1014) was observed. The TTC L1014F mutation was first reported in Anhui province. Conclusions The highly polymorphic kdr alleles were observed in all the adult An. sinensis populations, which suggested that in-depth studies are required for carrying on insecticide resistance monitoring and specific resistance mechanisms studying into establish effective long-term malaria vector control program in eastern China.

Polymorphism and Geographical Distribution of vgsc and ace-1 Gene in Anopheles Sinensis Field Populations in Guizhou Province, China

“…sinensis populations. Of the three replacements at the amino acids level, the highest allele frequency was found for 1014F (22.5%), implying that 1014F is a predominant mutation allele in Guizhou Province, similarly to the previous studies [9,10,16,19,25,26].1014C is also a common variant in southeast Asia and China. In addition to the reported variant, TGC/C allele was found for the rst time in this study which indicated it had the most variants in Guizhou.…”

Tropical Medicine in China: Bibliometric Analysis Based on Web of Science (2010–2019)

“…An increasing number of studies have been carried out on vector-borne diseases, and piRNA and miRNA profiles of A. albopictus , as well as the mitochondrial genome sequence of A. sinensis , have been revealed [ 44 – 46 ]. In addition to the traditional monitoring of spatial distribution of vector-borne diseases, it is also necessary to strengthen the monitoring of vector resistance, with a view to establishing a prediction model using a large data set to further optimise the monitoring mode, resulting in a large volume of theoretical data that may be useful for mosquito vector control [ 47 – 49 ].…”

Correction to: The polymorphism and geographical distribution of knockdown resistance of adult Anopheles sinensis populations in eastern China

“…Please be advised that since publication of the original article [1] the authors have flagged that they omitted to provide the up-to-date version of Fig. 1 and, as such, the wrong version of Fig.…”