The Polyhydric Alcohol-Polybasic Acid Reaction. III. Further Studies of the Glycerol-Phthalic Anhydride Reaction

Kienle, R.; Meulen, P. A. van der; Petke, F. E.

doi:10.1021/ja01878a001

Cited by 81 publications

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“…For example, Kientle 19 showed that the specific Viscosity of samples made from phthalic anhydride and glycerol was low when compared to numerous specific viscosity values given by Standinger for other synthetic linear polymers, such as polystyrene. In 1909, Baekeland 22 introduced the first commercial synthetic plastics, phenolic polymers, commercialized through his Bakelite company.…”

Section: Fig 1: Basic Structure Of Dendrimermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the Watson Smith report of the reaction between phthalic anhydride or phthalic acid and glycerol in 1901 20 , Callahan, Arsem, Dawson, Howell, and Kienle et al [19][20][21] studied that reaction further, obtaining results and conclusions still used today. For example, Kientle 19 showed that the specific Viscosity of samples made from phthalic anhydride and glycerol was low when compared to numerous specific viscosity values given by Standinger for other synthetic linear polymers, such as polystyrene.…”

Section: Fig 1: Basic Structure Of Dendrimermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highly branched and symmetrical molecules known as dendrimers are the most recently recognized members of the polymer family, Astruc et 16 , Tomalia et al 17 , Vogtle et al 18 and many others contributed to the development of dendrimer chemistry and the biomedical applications of dendrimers. Since these pioneering studies were done, many hundred of research groups from diverse scientific disciplines have joined the field leading to numerous advances in the synthesis, analysis and non medical application of these polymers 19 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dendrimers: synthetic strategies, properties and applications

Singh¹,

Dar²,

Hashmi³

2014

Orient. J. Chem

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Section: Fig 1: Basic Structure Of Dendrimermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 1: Basic Structure Of Dendrimermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dendrimers: synthetic strategies, properties and applications

Singh¹,

Dar²,

Hashmi³

2014

Orient. J. Chem

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“…This problem has been well-emphasized in reaction engineering literatures and no satisfactory solution has been reported. Kienel et al [5] could not explain the glycerol-phthalic anhydride reaction by simple second or third -order equations, whereas in fatty acid -modified polyester, Berryman [6] claim second kinetic applies. However, Tawn [7] favours third order kinetic but only where the degree of reaction is 70-80%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study on the Polyesterification and Copolymerisation Process of Unstyrenated and Styrenated Palm Kernel Oil Based Alkyd Resin

NJ¹,

OD²

2015

J Chem Eng Process Technol

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The kinetics of the preparation of unstyrenated and styrenated palm kernel oil based alkyd resins were studied using polycondensation and copolymerization process. Three alkyd resins A, B, and C of medium oil length were prepared using phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and glycerol at stipulated ratios. The prepared alkyd resins were copolymerized with styrene using benzyol peroxide as an initiator at 150°C for 3 hr. The kinetic behavior of the polyesterification and copolymerization process and the resulting alkyd resins and styrenated alkyd resins were studied as a function of viscosity and the reaction time using integral method of analysis. The results showed that the resins A and B followed the first order reaction while resin C followed the second order reaction with rate constants of 13 × 10 -3 min -1 , 30 × 10 -3 min -1 , and 3 × 10 -3 (Pa.S)(min) -1 respectively. For styrenated alkyds, kinetic study confirmed that styrenated alkyd A followed the first order kinetics and styrenated alkyds B and C followed the second order kinetics with rate constants of 8 × 10 -3 min -1 , 6 × 10 -4 (Pa.S)(min) -1 , and 6 × 10 -4 (Pa.S)(min) -1 respectively.

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“…Polymers of this type have been known since Berzelius condensed tartaric acid (A 2 B 2 monomer) and glycerol (B 3 monomer) in the 1800s [41] followed by Watson Smith [42] and Kienle et al [41,[43][44][45] using phthalic anhydride or phthalic acid (both A 2 monomers) with glycerol. Baekeland developed the first commercial plastics through polymerization of formaldehyde (latent A 2 monomer) and phenol (latent B 3 monomer) [46,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyester Dendrimers

Twibanire

Grindley

2012

Polymers

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Polyester dendrimers have been comprehensively reviewed starting from their first synthesis in the early 1990s by Hawker and Fréchet. Polyester dendrimers have attracted and continue to attract extensive interest because they are comparatively easy to make and because, whenever they have been tested, they have been found to be non-toxic. A number of different strategies for their synthesis have been examined and the methods employed for formation of the ester bond during dendrimer assembly have been summarized. The newest approaches, including the use of bifunctional orthogonally reacting dendrons and accelerated synthesis have been surveyed.

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The Polyhydric Alcohol-Polybasic Acid Reaction. III. Further Studies of the Glycerol-Phthalic Anhydride Reaction

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Dendrimers: synthetic strategies, properties and applications

Dendrimers: synthetic strategies, properties and applications

Kinetic Study on the Polyesterification and Copolymerisation Process of Unstyrenated and Styrenated Palm Kernel Oil Based Alkyd Resin

Polyester Dendrimers

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