“…At the same time, local government entities have been restructured in different ways, with the wholesale introduction of unitary councils in the devolved nations but partial and episodic moves in the same direction in England (Goodwin et al, 2005;Gore, 2018). This divergence has been reflected by a stronger emphasis on central-local collaboration and participatory and deliberative approaches to governance in Scotland and Wales, compared with more transactional and conflictual interactions in England (Hay & Martin, 2014;Pike et al, 2016;Verhoeven et al, 2022;Bynner et al, 2023).…”