The politics of the great brain race: public policy and international student recruitment in Australia, Canada, England and the USA

Survey of Australian STEMM Early Career Researchers: job insecurity and questionable research practices are major structural concerns

“…Not all PhD graduates need necessarily work in academia, but employability outside academia will influence the dependence of PhD graduates and ECRs on academia as an employer. The weak development of advanced industries in Australia, relative to other parts of the developed world 8,9 , has broad ramifications for the STEMM workforce which has expanded through the recent Australian education boom 2,3 . In 2018 Australia spent 1.88 per cent of GDP on research and development, well below the OECD average of 2.38 per cent 26 , whilst training a record numbers of PhDs 3 .…”

“…Advances in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM) have revolutionized virtually every facet of modern life, and further advances in the STEMM and/or STEM fields are assumed to underpin Australia’s future economic prosperity 1 . Based on the merit of having a highly trained STEMM workforce, and on the service export value of education, Australia has expanded to become the largest provider of education to international students in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations 2 . These increases include postgraduate education, where the number of PhD completions in Australia has grown from 4,000 per annuum in 2000, to approximately 10,000 per year in 2019 (values include both domestic and international students, 3 ).…”

Study Abroad in Support of Higher Education Sustainability: An Application of Service Trade Strategies

“…Pointed out the problems of current China's policy for recruitment of Sino-African students and suggested political implications for better educational environment Sá et al [6] 2018…”

“…Existing studies take several approaches on this higher education sustainability issue. Some scholars discuss governmental policies for fostering higher education [4][5][6]. Others take a more extreme approach and criticize and deny the need for higher education [7,8].…”

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“…Medina and Duffy (1998) suggest that evaluative criteria to choose a university involve five primary dimensions: learning environment, reputation, graduate career prospects, destination image, and cultural integration. Students choose English universities because of their reputation; other reasons are the effective and efficient procedures of admissions and immigration, and the opportunity of finding a job while studying in England as well as back in their home countries (Sá & Sabzalieva, 2018). The influence of parents is especially true if they are paying for their children's education, and parents have an immense influence regarding this decision (Hulstrand, 2017).…”