The Politics of Prejudice. The Anti-Japanese Movement in California and the Struggle for Japanese Exclusion

Lyman, Stanford M.; Daniels, Roger

doi:10.2307/2754999

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…5 The action can be traced to the clumsy violation of its most-favored-nation status by a city school board and the unilateral cancelation of the Gentlemen's Agreement by the Immigration Act of 1924. 19 A militarized Japan embarked on an aggressive strategy of conquest: Mongolia (1936), China (1937)(1938)(1939)(1940), and occupation of French Indochina (1940)(1941). The succession of Japanese successes in the Far East and Southeast Asia alarmed Americans already jittery by the presence of thousands of Japanese immigrants in the country.…”

Section: Another Escapementioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese Immigration in America: Fleeing Riots, Escaping Imprisonment, and Assimilating

Nakayama

2024

The American Surgeon™

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When 13-year-old Teruichi Nakayama, my grandfather, came to San Francisco from Osaka in 1906, he was assured of an education in a public school by an 1894 treaty between the United States and Japan that gave the latter most-favored-nation status. In 1906, racist mobs forced a decision by the school board to assign 41 school aged Japanese children, including him, to a segregated school for Asian children in violation of the pact. In 1907, he escaped street violence to work as a migrant laborer on inland farms. Settling in the state’s Central Coast, he started a confectionary, the family business he knew from his childhood in Japan. He eked enough money to raise a family with a wife arranged for him in the traditional manner by a go-between in Japan. The school board action opened a diplomatic rift between the 2 countries that never resolved and ended in war in 1941. Just days ahead of the imprisonment of Japanese living in California in 1942, he and his family fled to Colorado, a sanctuary state where he reestablished the confectionery. He faced every misapprehension of the current immigration crisis: racism, unfair labor competition, the impossibility of assimilation, and suspicion of a fifth column. Now 5 generations later, none of the fearful predictions when he first arrived came true. His legacy proves immigration as an essential rejuvenating force in America.

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Section: Another Escapementioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese Immigration in America: Fleeing Riots, Escaping Imprisonment, and Assimilating

Nakayama

2024

The American Surgeon™

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“…Even as a popular movement hostile to Japanese migration became an increasingly powerful force in Californian politics, elite Pasadenans could nurture an appreciation for Japanese art and a wary respect for Japan itself as an advanced world power. 111 The scientific universe as a cosmos?…”

Section: Orders Of Belonging In Hale's Pasadenamentioning

confidence: 99%

The mule on the Mount Wilson trail: George Ellery Hale, American scientific cosmology, and cosmologies of American science

Oliver

2023

Hist Sci

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This article explores the relation between two different modes of cosmology: the social and the scientific. Over the twentieth century, scientific understandings of the dimensions and operations of the physical universe changed dramatically, significantly prompted by astronomical and astrophysical research undertaken at the Mount Wilson Observatory in Pasadena, California. Could those understandings be readily translated into social theory? Studies across a range of disciplines have intimated that the scientific cosmos might be less essential to the worlds of meaning and belonging that people and communities compose around themselves than more local and relational models of an ordered whole. The article applies that proposition to the Mount Wilson Observatory itself, arguing that the observatory’s founder, George Ellery Hale, and his acolytes were deeply invested in practices of terrestrial place-making, the politics of belonging, and the cadences of civilizational time as applied to their city and its region. Moreover, they struggled to construct a philosophy integrating the cosmos they were seeking to fix at home with the contortions and careering trajectories of the universal whole.

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“…The Japanese were legally deemed as aliens ineligible for naturalization due to the Naturalization Act of 1790 that allowed only "free white person[s]" to become American citizens and the Supreme Court decision on the Ozawa case of 1922 that confirmed the ineligibility of Japanese to naturalize. As a result, the 1924 Act was denounced as the Japanese Exclusion Act or hainichi imin hō in the Japanese immigrant community in the US as well as in Japan across the Pacific Ocean (Daniels 1968;Gerstle 2001;Higham 1981;Iino 2000;Kurashige 2016;Minohara 2002;tenBroek et al 1970;Yamakura 1994). The anti-Japanese movement developed first in California but had become a national issue by the 1920s.…”

Section: Immigration Policy and Racism Against Japanese And Mexicansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race and migration in the transpacific

Liu

2023

Ethnic and Racial Studies

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Looking at a range of cases from around the Transpacific, the contributors to this book explore the complex formulations of race and racism emerging from transoceanic migrations and encounters in the region.Asia has a history of ceaseless, active, and multidirectional migration, which continues to bear multilayered and complex genetic diversity. The traditional system of rank order between groups of people in Asia consisted of multiple "invisible" differences in variegated entanglements, including descent, birthplace, occupation, and lifestyle. Transpacific migration brought about the formation of multilayered and complex racial relationships, as the physically indistinguishable yet multifacetedly racialized groups encountered the hegemonic racial order deriving from the transatlantic experience of racialization based on "visible" differences. Each chapter in this book examines a different case study, identifying their complexities and particularities while contributing to a broad view of the possibilities for solidarity and human connection in a context of domination and discrimination. These cases include the dispossession of the Ainu people, the experiences of Burakumin emigrants in America, the policing of colonial Singapore, and data governance in India.A fascinating read for sociologists, anthropologists, and historians, especially those with a particular focus on the Asian and Pacific regions.

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The Politics of Prejudice. The Anti-Japanese Movement in California and the Struggle for Japanese Exclusion

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Japanese Immigration in America: Fleeing Riots, Escaping Imprisonment, and Assimilating

Japanese Immigration in America: Fleeing Riots, Escaping Imprisonment, and Assimilating

The mule on the Mount Wilson trail: George Ellery Hale, American scientific cosmology, and cosmologies of American science

Race and migration in the transpacific

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