The politics of influence: An analysis of IMF surveillance

Assessment and Review under a 2015 Climate Change Agreement

“…However, there are no formal country delegations (instead, the country is represented by a permanent representative). Furthermore, room for flexibility is limited since Board members tend to come with prepared positions (Lombardi and Woods 2008). There is no need for the Board to come to an agreement, either internally or with the country's government.…”

“…14; Lombardi and Woods, 2008). The functioning of the surveillance system has come under severe criticism in the wake of the recent financial crisis, which the IMF failed to anticipate.…”

Ruling capital: emerging markets and the reregulation of cross-border finance

“…Moreover, surveillance reports can influence other actors in global markets, such as credit-rating agencies, that have impact on countries. Finally, it is also possible that surveillance could lead to socialization and learning effects in countries (Lombardi and Woods 2008;Chwieroth 2010a).…”

When do Autocracies Start to Liberalize Foreign Trade? Evidence from Four Cases in the Arab World

“…Democratization of political systems reduces the ability of governments to use trade and capital account barriers as a strategy for building support among domestic constituencies and therefore increases the probability of a more open economy (Frye/Mansfield 2004;Martin 2005;Milner/Kubota 2005;Kennedy 2007). Second, other researchers argue that the rise of neoliberal ideas within international financial institutions, especially the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) surveillance power, has forced the liberalization of capital and trade account legislation among IMF member states (Broome/Seabrooke 2007;Chwieroth 2007bChwieroth , 2007aLombardi/ Woods 2008).…”