The Politics of Fear in the US Political Discourse about Migration: An Argument- Based Approach

Abstract

Contribution/Originality: This study contributes in the existing literature by elaborating a more developed structure of the fear appeal argument and making connection between the rhetoric of fear and the art of policy justification. Also, it highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to determine the goals behind any manipulation of fear. 1. INTRODUCTION In the time of human crises, it is hard for politicians to express direct claims to refuse welcoming refugees to their states. Indeed, they cannot say that they do not have the will to welcome harmed people because this is unhuman and it can open on them and on their policies a wider window of critique. These critiques are not appreciated in that they might have such bad effects on their local agenda, international agenda, and their interests across the

Financial Literacy Among Sme’s in Malaysia

“…According to research, individuals with high financial behavior are more likely to participate in stock market and formal financial markets for investment (Klapper and Panos, 2011;Jennifer and Chi, 2018) pay bills on time, anxiously evaluate financial products, prefer savings than borrowings in crisis time, self-assess the affordability of products (Atkinson and Messy, 2012;Agarwalla et al, 2013) actively save, have a bank account, have a formal credit, more capacity of spending (Klapper and Panos, 2011;Atkinson and Messy, 2012;Agarwalla et al, 2013) prefer low cost borrowing (Allgood and Walstad, 2013;Khalifa, 2018) accumulate and manage assets well (Van Rooij et al, 2007), plan and monitor household budget and personal finance (Atkinson and Messy, 2012;Agarwalla et al, 2013) and do retirement planning (Lusardi and Mitchell, 2008;2011a;Van Rooij et al, 2009). Eniola and Entebang (2016) stated that an entrepreneur with high level of financial literacy perform better towards their business success.…”

Korku Siyaseti: Siyasi Ortamı Şekillendiren Bir Araç Olarak Göçmen Korkusu

“…Among the American presidents, there are George W. Bush Bush and Barack Obama who apply to the politics of fear (Khalifa, 2018), but among the American politicians who tried to achieve political success with the manipulation of the fear of immigrants, Donald Trump, a popular name at the time of this study, "make America great again". within the framework of the slogan, he accused the immigrants, whom he considered "invaders" and hindering the realization of this slogan, of using America's resources (Arıboğan, 2017).…”

Visibility as Muslim, Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Distress among Muslim Students in the UK

“…Discriminatory attitudes exist in the cognitive domain (stereotypes) and the affective domain (dislike or resentment). They motivate a range of behaviors including antilocution ("hate speech") directed toward outgroups, as seen on social media (Awan & Zempi, 2016;; avoidance or institutional exclusion, such as of refugees (Khalifa, 2018); the denial of equal access to opportunities or resources, such as when 'appearing Muslim' in name or attire negatively affects job prospects (Ghumman & Ryan, 2013;King & Ahmad, 2010;Park, Malachi, Sternin, & Tevet, 2009); physical attacks, from vandalism to homicide to the ethnic cleansing or systematic genocide of a community, such as in the Nazi Holocaust, the 1995 Srebrenica massacre, and the recent anti-Muslim Rohingya genocide (Levine, 2018).…”

“…Discrimination can be perpetrated by individuals, institutions (including states, as exemplified by the United States' travel ban on seven Muslim-majority countries during the Trump administration (Khalifa, 2018)), and at a structural level, where policies and laws that claim to operate without regard to race, gender, or religion, etc., nevertheless have adverse effects on particular minority groups (Pincus 1996). A pertinent example is the UK's counter-terrorism program Prevent which focused on Muslims disproportionately, particularly in its early years (Busher, Choudhury, Thomas, & Harris, 2017;Coppock & McGovern, 2014;Dudenhoefer, 2018;Kundnani, 2009;Sian, Law, & Sayyid, 2012a) compared with far-right extremists (Home Office, 2016;.…”