In this essay I understand by politics any contingent and controversial human activity (see also Wiesner and Selk, in this volume). Not only such issues as naming streets but also the individual life-style choices, such as never wanting to learn car-driving or boycotting flights can be understood as thoroughly political. They are political in the elementary sense of being contingent, that they could have been otherwise, and the political quality is increased when they are regarded as controversial.The 'personal is political' thesis is held to a higher standard for such acts as objecting to cardriving than to the contrary in a context in which car-driving is a norm. In Hirschmanian (1970) terms the conformist acts can be seen as signs of 'loyalty', in rhetorical terms as acclamations to the conventions, whereas the refusal marks in this case both a voice and an exit. From this perspective all contingent action have a political aspect, and when the actors themselves recognise, this marks their political literacy, whereas disputing the political aspect rather refers to the lack of such literacy.From this perspective politics merely exist because of the acts of politicisation. I have sketched a fourfold politics-typology, in which politicisation is one aspect of politics, which marks a phenomenon or a question as political, making it visible that an action is contingent and controversial. According to my old scheme (see Palonen 2003), those moves of politicisation that get legitimised within an audience constitute a polity. The polity already contains chances for doing politics, for politicking, which must, however, be used by the actors to one way or another. Politicisation of the existing polity opens up new chances for politicking. The fourth English noun, policy, refers to a type of politicking that contains a definite direction or line in coordinating different actions. This perspective, inspired by Max Weber, is purely formal, independently of the polity-levels, which should be taken into consideration, and at the same time are entirely historical, in distinguishing between successive waves of politicisation and corresponding chances to act in the other aspects of politics. What has once been politicised cannot be simply taken back, but