The Political Effectiveness of Non-State Violence: A Two-Level Framework to Transform a Deceptive Debate

Krause, Peter

doi:10.1080/09636412.2013.786914

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Second, terrorist organisations simultaneously seek to "maximize their strength and ensure their survival." 16 They need to endure in order to achieve their strategic objectives. 17 Besides these key objectives, however, terrorist organizations can also consider particular tactical goals (e.g., a successful attack, outbidding of opponents) and the inherent rewards of struggle (e.g., a sense of identity and pride).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Terrorism: What Can We Learn from Los Alamos?

Volders

2017

Terrorism and Political Violence

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The international security community is increasingly concerned about the nexus between indiscriminate terrorism and the proliferation of nuclear technology and materials. Many nuclear terrorism threat assessments focus primarily on terrorist motivations to employ an atomic bomb, the availability of nuclear know-how and technology, and the opportunity for clandestine organisations to acquire fissile material. Scholars and experts, however, often neglect to elaborate on the challenges for terrorist organisations in organising and implementing the construction and detonation of a crude atomic bomb. This will most likely be a complex project. This article will therefore explore the organisation of such an endeavour. To be precise, we will highlight the impact of the organisational design of the terrorist group. The organisational design determines the division of tasks and how coordination is achieved among these tasks. It therefore has a strong impact on the functioning of any organisation, especially an innovative and complex terrorism project. Building on a case study of Los Alamos, we inductively infer that terrorist organisations face an inherent effectiveness-efficiency trade-off in designing a nuclear armament project.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Terrorism: What Can We Learn from Los Alamos?

Volders

2017

Terrorism and Political Violence

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“…However, the current discussion on the effectiveness of terrorism focuses to a large degree on the coercive effects of terrorism on the macrolevel. Much less attention is given to intermediate aims like strengthening the ability of an organization to survive (Krause 2013; Acosta 2016) and microlevel effects. Perhaps most importantly, when considering the effectiveness of terrorism, provocation strategies play only a minor role, although it is generally acknowledged that terrorists may have the aim to provoke an opponent into an overreaction that in turn increases their support (Crenshaw 1981, 387; Kydd and Walter 2006, 69-72; Lake 2002, 19-20; Bueno de Mesquita and Dickson 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Provoking Ordinary People: The Effects of Terrorism on Civilian Violence

Brandsch

Python

2020

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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Research on the effects of terrorism mostly focuses on the coercive effects of violence on the macrolevel, while other effects like provocation, particularly on the microlevel, do not receive the same attention. In this article, we seek to address previous omissions. We argue that terrorism can provoke ordinary people into a violent reaction. By reducing perceived security and creating a desire for revenge terrorism may lead civilians to attack uninvolved members of the terrorists’ constituency. Using geo-referenced data on terrorism (Global Terrorism Database) and violent riots (Social Conflict Analysis Database), we assess with a matched wake analysis if the treatment of terrorist violence against civilians causes an increase in violent behavior. The results of our analyses show that terrorism significantly increases violent riots. We thus conclude that terrorism can not only provoke governments but also civilians into an overreaction.

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“…,Richardson, L. (2006, p. 63) Speckhard (2012), Richardson, L. (2006) Richardson, L.(2006)Abrahms and Lula (2012),Richardson, L. (2006) Richardson, L. (2006,Krause (2013) …”

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confidence: 99%