The political economy of foreign investment and industrial development: the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand in comparative perspective

PHẬT VIỆN ĐỒNG DƯƠNG: MỘT PHONG CÁCH CỦA NGHỆ THUẬT CHAMPA [THE ĐỒNG DƯƠNG MONASTERY: THE UNIQUE STYLE OF CHAMPA ART]. By Ngô V.Doanh. Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh: NXB Văn Hóa‐Văn Nghệ, 2015. Pp. 159. Paperback, VND 150,000.

“…Thai business conglomerates have enjoyed stable access to state-provided commercial advantages. In contrast, in the Philippines, Montes and Cruz (2017) suggest that outcomes of political contests have caused significant reallocations of state-provided privileges. Spending for political contests, including in the maintenance of a coterie, is counted as consumption in the national accounts.…”

“…In Thailand, Thai export promotion was built on top of the conglomerates from the import-substitution era, with the specific red line that foreign participation in domestic markets is effectively at the 'consent' of indigenous business (Rock 2001). Thai legislation, National Development Plans, and Board of Investments rulings from the 1970s to the present have 'reserved' the most lucrative domestic market for Thai business companies (Montes and Cruz 2017). Thai business conglomerates have enjoyed stable access to state-provided commercial advantages.…”

Overcoming and Penalizing Precarity: Narratives of Drug Personalities Arrested in the Philippine War on Drugs

“…However, the lower classes remained marginalized while segments of the ruling elite profited from the fragmented development. Foreign capital ventures in the Philippines did not translate to greenfield investments that would have boosted employment, as they did in neighboring Southeast Asian countries (Montes and Cruz, 2020).…”

“…Post-dictatorship, economic policies turned away from the dirigiste of protectionism and export-oriented industrialization, which was strongly associated with the defunct authoritarian regime. Since then, structural adjustment prescriptions from international financial institutions—trade liberalization, foreign loans and debt servicing, business deregulation, privatization of public utilities, and sale of government land, and the export of Filipino labor—defined Philippine neoliberalism (Bello et al, 2014; Montes and Cruz, 2020). However, the lower classes remained marginalized while segments of the ruling elite profited from the fragmented development.…”

The Economic Impact of Malaysia’s Institution on the Failure of the Wawasan 2020

“…Although economic development has been very successful over the past two decades, productivity growth has not met expectations and has even stagnated in recent years. Increased productivity can help people increase their average income and improve their living standards [4].Several vital elements can increase productivity in Malaysia.…”