The political economy of exchange rate regimes in developed and developing countries

Gender equality in Muslim-majority countries

“…By contrast, discrimination against women may be less pronounced when GDP per capita is high and when the country is democratic. Political institutions are measured by the Democracy-Dictatorship dummy variable by Cheibub et al (2010) which has been used in several empirical studies (e.g., Berdiev et al 2012, Kalyvitis and Vlachaki 2012, Rode and Gwartney 2012, Rode 2013, Bjørnskov and Rode 2014, Rode and Revuelta 2015. 17 The variable assumes the value one for democracies and zero otherwise.…”

Fixed exchange rates with escape clauses: The political determinants of the European Monetary System realignments

“…Leblang (2003) shows left wing governments to be more likely to defend currencies from losing value in the face of speculative attacks. Berdiev et al (2012) find that left wing governments are less likely to maintain de facto fixed exchange rates.…”

Choosing and Assessing Exchange Rate Regimes: A Survey of the Literature

“…His results contradict the policy crutch approach. Similarly, Berdiev et al (2012) provide evidence that government ideology, political institutions and globalization are important determinants of the choice of exchange rate regimes. Particularly, they find that left-wing governments, democratic institutions, central bank independence and financial development increase the likelihood of choosing a flexible regime, whereas more globalized countries have a higher probability of implementing a fixed regime.…”