The Political Career of a Prototype: Visual Representation in Design Engineering

Henderson, Kathryn

doi:10.1525/sp.1995.42.2.03x0114j

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…They are sense-making resources (Stigliani & Ravasi, 2012) used by the team to build a common understanding of a situation. They act as social glue between the players (Henderson, 1995(Henderson, , 1998 and improve the team experience (Rhinow, Köppen, & Meinel, 2012). Prototypes can also be a medium for generating interest in a project and helping to recruit people to work on a project that is initially viewed as high risk:…”

Section: Triggering Interactions and Enriching Conversationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking the notion of prototype archetypes in the early phase of an innovation process

BenMahmoud-Jouini

Midler

2020

Creat Innov Manage

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The literature on new product development examines a variety of roles that prototypes can play based on the phase of the design process when they are used, but the characteristics of these prototypes that correspond to the expected outcomes, especially in the early phase of the design process, are understudied. We address this gap by studying the characteristics of the prototypes used in the design process (especially during the early phase) that correspond to their roles. Based on an analysis of six cases of prototypes that are used early on in the design process, we characterize three different archetypes of artefacts: stimulators, demonstrators, and validators, and we emphasize the coherence between the role they play in the design process and the characteristics that enable these roles. Specifying the roles of these artefacts should contribute to addressing the two flaws that are generally encountered during prototyping: overdesigning and overtrusting the prototypes.

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Section: Triggering Interactions and Enriching Conversationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking the notion of prototype archetypes in the early phase of an innovation process

BenMahmoud-Jouini

Midler

2020

Creat Innov Manage

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“…Such moments permit the formation of "settlements" between contending actors that allow the status of issues to be negotiated despite contention (Boltanski and Thévenot 2006). Although research on boundary objects already provides insights about when and why boundary objects are useful in new product development (Carlile 2002) or in the process of knowledge sharing between occupational communities (Bechky 2003), it has primarily been focused on shaping specific outcomes (Henderson 1995) and on stabilizing and mediating diverse interests (Briers and Chua 2001). The political influence of boundary objects, however, has not been well understood.…”

Section: Objects Of Resistance and Accommodationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resisters at Work: Generating Productive Resistance in the Workplace

Courpasson

Dany

Clegg

2012

Organization Science

212

266

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R esearch has recognized the transformative dimension of resistance in the workplace. Yet resistance is still seen as an adversarial and antagonistic process that management can accept or reject; thus, understanding how resistance can actually influence workplace change remains a challenge for research. In this paper, we offer an analysis of two situations of resistance wherein resisters, organized in temporary enclaves, are able to influence top management's decisions and produce eventual change. Whether or not resistance becomes productive depends on the skillful work of resisters and the creation of powerful "objects of resistance" that enable resisters to modify temporarily the power configuration of a situation and oblige top management to listen to their claims and accommodate to the new configuration. This paper shows that resistance can be better explained by what resisters do to achieve their ends rather than by seeing resistance as a fixed opposition between irreconcilable adversaries.

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“…There is a rich literature that examines how knowledgeable doings 1 are enacted in the practice of the everyday life within organizations (e.g., Henderson, 1995;Hutchins, 1995;Lave & Wenger, 1991;Scribner, 1984;Suchman, 2000aSuchman, , 2000bVaughan, 1999;Wenger, 1998). These studies document the important interplay between material artifacts, humans, inscriptions, communications systems, power relations, and the architecture of work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of Traversals and Hybrid Spaces: Science in the Community

Lee¹,

Roth²

2003

Mind, Culture, and Activity

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This article explores the enactment of scientific knowledge within a grassroots organization. It describes the highly distributed nature of the organization's resources and frames members' knowing in terms of traversals, movements across boundaries on the landscape and within institutions, and in terms of hybrid spaces. It was found that through their interactions with others, objects and discourse emerge that are hybrids between formal scientific and local situated concerns. The authors conclude by relating members' knowledgeable movement to the emergence of a new community. 1 We use the phrase knowledgeable doings to emphasize that knowledge is always a performance judged as such by the appropriate community of practice. Downloaded by [McMaster University] at 09:23 04 November 2014Many NGOs, certainly the smaller ones involved in stream restoration work, present a very unstable worksite. Their memberships, cash flow, activities, and active relationships change (often unpredictably) on a very rapid time scale. They can look very different on a year-to-year or even season-to-season basis. During the course of our research, this heterogeneous, fluid nature of the organization struck us as a defining and unique characteristic of the NGO at the core of our study. We became interested in understanding how these fluid organizations learned, came to know, and enacted scientific practice. How did the community in which the activists worked shape their activities and learning? What kind of resources did they use in order to know the watershed? How were they able to gain access to the resources they needed in order to carry out their learning activities?This article is a first step in the work involved in answering questions such as these. We introduce and explore three prominent themes we noticed in the course of our participant-observer research project. By framing the NGO and its members' activities in these terms, we contribute to the project of understanding knowing in a distributed, uncertain situation.We discuss three interrelated features of the NGO's knowledgeable activity:1. The highly distributed nature of the centers and relationships in which knowledge or knowledge production was enacted.2. The importance of traversals, that is, the phenomenon of traversing both institutional and occupational boundaries as different people and nonhumans are recruited to carry out an activity, and the movement over and interrogation of the landscape that is an integral part of knowledge-producing activity.3. The new community that emerges (or communities that emerge) as a result of the engagement of people, tools, artifacts, and the landscape.

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The Political Career of a Prototype: Visual Representation in Design Engineering

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Unpacking the notion of prototype archetypes in the early phase of an innovation process

Unpacking the notion of prototype archetypes in the early phase of an innovation process

Resisters at Work: Generating Productive Resistance in the Workplace

Of Traversals and Hybrid Spaces: Science in the Community

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