The Police and the Public

Wilson, O. W.

doi:10.1177/0032258x4001300110

Cited by 2 publications

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“…If one considers this structural continuum as describing not simply the average degree of a society, but its overall size and complexity then a plausible example of the need for higher-order punishment can be viewed in the developmental dynamics of police agencies. As cities increase in population, and their policing agencies grow in size, the agencies typically add second-order punishment organizations ( Wilson, 1963 ). Known variously as internal affairs, internal investigations, or similar designations, these organizations are responsible for policing the police.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective Action and the Detrimental Side of Punishment

Shutters

2013

Evol Psychol

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Abstract:Cooperative behavior is the subject of intense study in a wide range of scientific fields, yet its evolutionary origins remain largely unexplained. A leading explanation of cooperation is the mechanism of altruistic punishment, where individuals pay to punish others but receive no material benefit in return. Experiments have shown such punishment can induce cooperative outcomes in social dilemmas, though sometimes at the cost of reduced social welfare. However, experiments typically examine the effects of punishing low contributors without allowing others in the environment to respond. Thus, the full ramifications of punishment may not be well understood. Here, I use evolutionary simulations of agents playing a continuous prisoners dilemma to study behavior subsequent to an act of punishment, and how that subsequent behavior affects the efficiency of payoffs. Different network configurations are used to better understand the relative effects of social structure and individual strategies. Results show that when agents can either retaliate against their punisher, or punish those who ignore cheaters, the cooperative effects of punishment are reduced or eliminated. The magnitude of this effect is dependent on the density of the network in which the population is embedded. Overall, results suggest that a better understanding of the aftereffects of punishment is needed to assess the relationship between punishment and cooperative outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective Action and the Detrimental Side of Punishment

Shutters

2013

Evol Psychol

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How the Public Became the Caller: The Emergence of Reactive Policing, 1880–1970

Gillooly,

Thacher

2024

Law Soc. Inq.

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Why is the police role so broad in the United States today? Carceral state scholars have investigated how and why policymakers have treated so many social problems as policing problems, but they have not yet recognized the degree to which the call-for-service system has marginalized political control over police strategy. This Article traces the historical sources of this arrangement through extensive archival research into its evolution. We find that over the course of the twentieth century, the rise of new communications technologies gradually shifted the power to decide which problems are proper subjects of police attention to private individuals, eventually channeling their demands through centralized call centers that had been stripped of the authority and contextual knowledge needed to govern them in a meaningful way. That process fundamentally altered the character of public oversight over policing, elevating a distinctive set of individual interests as largely unchallenged determinants of the kinds of situations that are policeable. By illustrating how sociotechnical change unintentionally reallocated the authority to define the scope of an important institution’s mandate, this case sheds new light on the factors that shape the police role and the role the public plays in defining it.

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The Police and the Public

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Collective Action and the Detrimental Side of Punishment

Collective Action and the Detrimental Side of Punishment

How the Public Became the Caller: The Emergence of Reactive Policing, 1880–1970

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