The polar expression of ENSO and sea-ice variability as recorded in a South Pole ice core

Meyerson, E. A.; Mayewski, Paul Andrew; Kreutz, K. J.; Meeker, L. David; Whitlow, Sallie I.; Twickler, Mark S.

doi:10.3189/172756402781817149

Cited by 57 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Examples include strong associations between icecore Na + concentrations and the ASL pressure system (Kreutz et al, 2000;Kaspari et al, 2004), icecore methanesulphonic acid concentrations and sea ice extent (Welch et al, 1993;Meyerson et al, 2002;Curran et al, 2003;Abram et al, 2007), ice-core stable isotopes and temperature (Schneider et al, 2004(Schneider et al, , 2006, and icecore non-sea-salt-Ca 2+ (nssCa) concentrations used as a NAMI proxy in this study. A previous ice-core nssCa study (Yan et al, 2005) established that a statistically significant positive relationship exists between the strength of SH westerlies and nssCa concentrations in two West Antarctic ice cores (SDM-94 and 00-1) from 1948 to 2002.…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ice‐core proxy for northerly air mass incursions into West Antarctica

Dixon

Mayewski

Goodwin

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:A 200-year proxy for northerly air mass incursions (NAMI) into central and western West Antarctica is developed from the examination of 19 shallow (21-150 m deep) Antarctic ice-core non-sea-salt (nss) Ca 2+ concentration records. The NAMI proxy reveals a significant rise in recent decades. This rise is unprecedented for at least the past 200 years and is coincident with anthropogenically driven changes in other large-scale Southern Hemisphere (SH) environmental phenomena such as greenhouse gas (GHG) induced warming, ozone depletion, and the associated intensification of the SH westerlies. The Hysplit trajectory model is used to examine air mass transport pathways into West Antarctica. Empirical orthogonal function analysis, in combination with trajectory results, suggests that atmospheric circulation is the dominant factor affecting nssCa 2+ concentrations throughout central and western West Antarctica. Ozone recovery will likely weaken the spring-summer SH westerlies in the future. Consequently, Antarctica could lose one of its best defences against SH GHG warming.

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Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ice‐core proxy for northerly air mass incursions into West Antarctica

Dixon

Mayewski

Goodwin

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…[3] Previous ice core studies [e.g., Peel and Mulvaney, 1992;Kreutz et al, 2000] and recent years' ITASE investigations [e.g., Isaksson et al, 1996;Souney et al, 2002;Meyerson et al, 2002] reveal ocean/atmospheric interactions characterized by changes in sea level pressure (SLP), meridional and zonal wind strength, sea ice extent, position and strength of cyclones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea level pressure variability over the southern Indian Ocean inferred from a glaciochemical record in Princess Elizabeth Land, east Antarctica

et al. 2004

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[1] A 250-year, high-resolution, multivariate ice core record from LGB65 (70°50 0 07 00 S, 77°04 0 29 00 E; 1850 m asl), Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL), is used to investigate sea level pressure (SLP) variability over the southern Indian Ocean (SIO). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis reveals that the first EOF (EOF1) of the glaciochemical record from LGB65 represents most of the variability in sea salt throughout the 250-year record. EOF1 is negatively correlated (95% confidence level and higher) to instrumental mean sea level pressure (MSLP) at Kerguelen and New Amsterdam islands, SIO. On the basis of comparison with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, strong correlations were found between sea-salt variations and a quasi-stationary low that lies to the north of Prydz Bay, SIO. Comparison with a 250-year-long summer transpolar index (STPI) inferred from subAntarctic tree ring records reveals strong coherency. Decadal-scale SLP variability over SIO suggests shifting of the polar vortex. Prominent decadal-scale deepening of the southern Indian Ocean low (SIOL) exists circa 1790 , 1810 , 1835 , 1860 , 1880 , 1900 , and 1940 A.D., continuously after the 1970s, and prominent weakening circa 1750 , 1795 , 1825 , 1850 , 1870 , 1890 , 1910 , and 1955 LGB65 sea-salt record is characterized by significant decadal-scale variability with a strong $21-year periodic structure (99.9% confidence level). The relationship between LGB65 sea salt and solar irradiance changes shows that this periodicity is possibly the solar Hale cycle (22 years).

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“…Gloersen and White, 2001;White et al, 2002;Venegas, 2003;White and Annis, 2004;White et al, 2004) (Renwick, 1998;Kwok and Comiso, 2002b;Kwok and Comiso, 2002a;Carleton, 2003;Ribera and Mann, 2003;Turner, 2004). However, most areas of Antarctica, even as far interior as South Pole (Savage et al, 1988;Meyerson et al, 2002), have been shown to be influenced by ENSO. Turner (2004) provides an in-depth review of ENSO influences on Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing oceanic and atmospheric ENSO influences on the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica

et al. 2006

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Abstract.Here we discuss the cause and effect of opposing atmospheric and oceanic ENSO forcings in the Ross Sea, that lead to a net warming in the eastern Ross Sea and a net cooling in the western Ross Sea during El Niño years. During La Niña years the opposite is observed. The oceanic ENSO effect causes a ∼1 K warming with a 3 month lag during El Niño years in comparison to La Niña time periods. During El Niño events, the atmospheric ENSO effect leads to a shift and weakening of the Amundsen Sea Low, causing enhanced import of colder West Antarctic air masses into the western Ross Sea. We find that this indirect ENSO effect is about one order of magnitude stronger (up to 15 K) in the western Ross Sea than the direct effect (∼1 K), leading to a net cooling during El Niño and net warming during La Niña events.

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The polar expression of ENSO and sea-ice variability as recorded in a South Pole ice core

Cited by 57 publications

References 33 publications

An ice‐core proxy for northerly air mass incursions into West Antarctica

An ice‐core proxy for northerly air mass incursions into West Antarctica

Sea level pressure variability over the southern Indian Ocean inferred from a glaciochemical record in Princess Elizabeth Land, east Antarctica

Opposing oceanic and atmospheric ENSO influences on the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica

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