The Poincaré-sphere approach to polarization: Formalism and new labs with Poincaré beams

Jones, Joshua; D'Addario, Anthony J.; Rojec, Brett L.; Milione, Giovanni; Galvez, Enrique J.

doi:10.1119/1.4960468

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…With our choice of the circular basis, all linear polarization states lie on the equator of the Poincaré sphere, while the circular polarization states are in the north and south pole (circular polarized to the right and the left, respectively). This agrees with the standard use [67]. Elliptically polarized states are represented everywhere else on the surface of the sphere.…”

Section: The Polarization Matrix and The Stokes Parameterssupporting

confidence: 88%

Quantum concepts in optical polarization

et al. 2021

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We comprehensively review the quantum theory of the polarization properties of light. In classical optics, these traits are characterized by the Stokes parameters, which can be geometrically interpreted using the Poincaré sphere. Remarkably, these Stokes parameters can also be applied to the quantum world, but then important differences emerge: now, because fluctuations in the number of photons are unavoidable, one is forced to work in the three-dimensional Poincaré space that can be regarded as a set of nested spheres. Additionally, higher-order moments of the Stokes variables might play a substantial role for quantum states, which is not the case for most classical Gaussian states. This brings about important differences between these two worlds that we review in detail. In particular, the classical degree of polarization produces unsatisfactory results in the quantum domain. We compare alternative quantum degrees and put forth that they order various states differently. Finally, intrinsically nonclassical states are explored and their potential applications in quantum technologies are discussed.

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Section: The Polarization Matrix and The Stokes Parameterssupporting

confidence: 88%

Quantum concepts in optical polarization

et al. 2021

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“…We used a particular 3‐waveplate system to decode the polarization because the 2 half‐wave plates H 2 and H 3 specify respectively the ellipticity and orientation of the polarization ellipse . This allowed greater flexibility in diagnosing the polarization pattern of the light even before obtaining the Stokes parameters . For a given input polarization, the images taken with 6 filters were further processed to determine the polarization at each imaged point.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre

Jones

Metzler

D'Addario

et al. 2018

Journal of Biophotonics

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Nacre is a complex biomaterial made of aragonite-tablet bricks and organic mortar that is considerably resilient against breakage. Nacre has been studied with a wide range of laboratory techniques, leading to understanding key fundamentals and informing the creation of bio-inspired materials. In this article, we present an optical polarimetric technique to investigate nacre, taking advantage of the translucence and birefringence of its microcomponents. We focus our study on 3 classes of mollusks that have nacreous shells: bivalve (Pinctada fucata), gastropod (Haliotis asinina and Haliotis rufescens) and cephalopod (Nautilus pompilius). We sent polarized light from a laser through thin samples of nacre and did imaging polarimetry of the transmitted light. We observed clear distinctions between the structures of bivalve and gastropod, due to the spatial variation of their birefringence. The patterns for cephalopod were more similar to bivalve than gastropod. Bleaching of the samples disrupted the transmitted light. Subsequent refilling of the bivalve and gastropod nacre samples with oil produced optical patterns similar to those of unbleached samples. In cephalopod samples, we found that bleaching produced irreversible changes in the optical pattern.

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“…The direction of the maximum gain (main beam) can be controlled by adjusting the phase between the elements of the array. For the case of narrow-band signals, which is considered here, the term adaptive antenna is used when the weights (magnitudes/gains and phases) of the signals induced on the array elements are regularly updated before combining, in order to control the radiation pattern of the array dynamically according to the requirements of the system [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steered Beam Adaptive Antenna Arrays

Ka’bi¹

2022

Antenna Systems

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In this chapter, the performance of steered beam adaptive arrays is presented with its corresponding analytical expressions. Computer simulations are used to illustrate the performance of the array under various operating conditions. In this chapter, we ignore the presence of mutual coupling between the array elements. The principal system elements of the adaptive array consist of an array of sensors (antennas), a pattern-forming network, and an adaptive pattern control unit or adaptive processor that adjusts the variable weights in the pattern-forming network. The adaptive pattern control unit may furthermore be conveniently subdivided into a signal processor unit and an adaptive control algorithm. The manner in which these elements are actually implemented depends on the propagation medium in which the array is to operate, the frequency spectrum of interest, and the user’s knowledge of the operational signal environment.

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The Poincaré-sphere approach to polarization: Formalism and new labs with Poincaré beams

Cited by 34 publications

References 57 publications

Quantum concepts in optical polarization

Quantum concepts in optical polarization

Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre

Steered Beam Adaptive Antenna Arrays

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