The Po Valley Fog Experiment 1989 An overview

Fuzzi, S.; Facchini, M. C.; Orsi, G.; Lind, John A.; Wobrock, W.; Kessel, M.; Maser, R.; Jaeschke, W.; Enderle, K. H.; Arends, B. G.; Berner, A.; Solly, I.; Kruisz, C.; Reischl, G.; Pahl, S.; Kaminski, U.; Winkler, P.; Ogren, J. A.; Noone, Kevin J.; Hallberg, A.; Fierlinger-Oberlinninger, H.; Puxbaum, Hans; Marzorati, A.; Hansson, H.‐C.; Wiedensohler, Alfred; Svenningsson, I. B.; Martinsson, Bengt G.; Schell, D.; Georgii, H.‐W.

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v44i5.15561

Cited by 89 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Small-scale variability in fog microstructure has been observed, with regions of decreased droplet concentration corresponding to broader DSDs. Rapid temporal variations in droplet concentrations, sometimes with amplitudes corresponding to two orders of magnitude (GERBER, 1981;, and LWC from near zero up to 0.5 g m )3 have been observed (FUZZI et al, 1992). Some fluctuations are seemingly random while others are found to be quasiperiodic in nature.…”

Section: Microphysics and Nucleation Processesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The physical and chemical behavior of the multiphase fog system was studied experimentally by following the temporal evolution of the relevant chemical species in the different phases (gas, droplet, interstitial aerosol) and the evolution of micrometeorological and microphysical conditions, from the pre-fog state, through the whole fog life cycle, to the post-fog period. FUZZI et al (1998) also conducted a second field project called CHEMDROP (CHEMical composition of DROPlets) that took place in the Po Valley region. Their project focused mostly on fog microphysics and chemistry as in the previous field experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fog Research: A Review of Past Achievements and Future Perspectives

Gültepe

Tardif

Michaelides³

et al. 2007

Pure appl. geophys.

544

348

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The scientific community that includes meteorologists, physical scientists, engineers, medical doctors, biologists, and environmentalists has shown interest in a better understanding of fog for years because of its effects on, directly or indirectly, the daily life of human beings. The total economic losses associated with the impact of the presence of fog on aviation, marine and land transportation can be comparable to those of tornadoes or, in some cases, winter storms and hurricanes. The number of articles including the word ''fog'' in Journals of American Meteorological Society alone was found to be about 4700, indicating that there is substantial interest in this subject. In spite of this extensive body of work, our ability to accurately forecast/nowcast fog remains limited due to our incomplete understanding of the fog processes over various time and space scales. Fog processes involve droplet microphysics, aerosol chemistry, radiation, turbulence, large/small-scale dynamics, and surface conditions (e.g., partaining to the presence of ice, snow, liquid, plants, and various types of soil). This review paper summarizes past achievements related to the understanding of fog formation, development and decay, and in this respect, the analysis of observations and the development of forecasting models and remote sensing methods are discussed in detail. Finally, future perspectives for fog-related research are highlighted.

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Section: Microphysics and Nucleation Processesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fog Research: A Review of Past Achievements and Future Perspectives

Gültepe

Tardif

Michaelides³

et al. 2007

Pure appl. geophys.

544

348

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Observations of fog boundary-layer structure have been undertaken in many field campaigns to study different kinds of fog (MEYER 1986;FITZJARRALD and LALA 1989;HUANG et al, 1992;FUZZI et al, 1992FUZZI et al, , 1998ZHOU et al, 2007; VAN DER VELDE and STEENEVELD, 2010). Early studies revealed that the balance between radiative cooling and turbulent mixing was the primary factor in radiation fog development (ROACH et al, 1976;NAKANISHI 2000;TERRADELLAS et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary of a 4-Year Fog Field Study in Northern Nanjing, Part 1: Fog Boundary Layer

Liu

Niu

Yang

et al. 2011

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Comprehensive fog field observations were conducted during the winters of 2006-2009 at the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology to study the macro and micro-physical structures and the physical-chemical processes of dense fogs in the area. The observations included features of the fog boundary layer, characteristics of fog water, the particle spectrum, the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols, radiation and heat components, turbulence, meteorological elements (air temperature, pressure, wind speed, wind direction), and environmental monitoring. The fogs observed were divided into four types: radiation fog, advection-radiation fog, advection fog, and precipitation fog, according to the mechanisms and primary factors of the fog processes. Fog boundary-layer structures of different types and their corresponding characteristics were then studied. Fog boundary-layer features, temperature structures, wind fields, and fog maintenance are discussed. The results show that radiation fog had remarkable diurnal variation and formed mostly at sunset or midnight, and lifted after sunrise or at noon, and that advection-radiation fog and advection fog were of very long duration. Extremely dense fogs occurred only in radiation-related cases. Inversion in radiation fog was short-lived, disappearing 1 or 2 hours after sunrise or at noon, faster than that in advectionradiation fog. When wind direction reversed from easterly to westerly or from southerly to northerly, the fog became an extremely dense fog. Low-level jet at times impeded fog development, whereas at other times it encouraged fog continuance. The deep inversion was merely an essential condition for a thick fog layer; sufficient vapor supply was advantageous to the formation and maintenance of a deep fog layer.

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“…With positive anomalies of up to 9.1 pp fog is much more prominent in these regions. The Po valley has long been known for the frequent occurrence of fog and has therefore already been the subject of several fog research projects (see Bendix [41], Fuzzi et al [42], Mariani et al [43], Wendisch et al [44]). Due to the orography of the valley, which is enclosed by the Alps and the Apennines on three sides, strong temperature inversions can develop here during anticyclonic conditions.…”

Section: Fog Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Approach for Fog Retrieval Based on a Combination of Satellite and Ground Truth Data

2018

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Fog has a substantial influence on various ecosystems and it impacts economy, traffic systems and human life in many ways. In order to be able to deal with the large number of influence factors, a spatially explicit high-resoluted data set of fog frequency distribution is needed. In this study, a hybrid approach for fog retrieval based on Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) data and ground truth data is presented. The method is based on a random forest (RF) machine learning model that is trained with cloud base altitude (CBA) observations from Meteorological Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR) as well as synoptic weather observations (SYNOP). Fog is assumed where the model predicts CBA values below a dynamically derived threshold above the terrain elevation. Cross validation results show good accordance with observation data with a mean absolute error of 298 m in CBA values and an average Heidke Skill Score of 0.58 for fog occurrence. Using this technique, a 10 year fog baseline climatology with a temporal resolution of 15 min was derived for Europe for the period from 2006 to 2015. Spatial and temporal variations in fog frequency are analyzed. Highest average fog occurrences are observed in mountainous regions with maxima in spring and summer. Plains and lowlands show less overall fog occurrence but strong positive anomalies in autumn and winter.

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The Po Valley Fog Experiment 1989 An overview

Cited by 89 publications

References 39 publications

Fog Research: A Review of Past Achievements and Future Perspectives

Fog Research: A Review of Past Achievements and Future Perspectives

Summary of a 4-Year Fog Field Study in Northern Nanjing, Part 1: Fog Boundary Layer

A Hybrid Approach for Fog Retrieval Based on a Combination of Satellite and Ground Truth Data

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