The Plus-Maze Discriminative Avoidance Task: An Ethical Rodent Model for Concomitant Evaluation of Learning, Memory, Anxiety, Motor Activity and Their Interactions

Frussa‐Filho, Roberto; Patti, Camilla de Lima; Fukushiro, D.F.; Ribeiro, Lucilene Arilho; Kameda, Sonia R.; Carvalho, Rita de Cássia

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11578-8_19

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Studies using the PM-DAT have suggested that the 3-min test session, in comparison to the 10-min training session, is not long enough for animals to learn that although aversive devices are still present in the apparatus, they are not activated (Silva et al, 2000 ; Frussa-Filho et al, 2016 ). However, it could be different for Proechimys , since previous studies were performed in Wistar rats and PM-DAT was not validated for these wild rodents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PM-DAT is an useful test for investigating hippocampal-dependent memory involving emotionality and conveniently allows the simultaneous study of the learning, memory and anxiety (Silva and Frussa-Filho, 2000 ; Rachetti et al, 2013 ; Frussa-Filho et al, 2016 ; Leão et al, 2016b ). The device used was a modified elevated plus-maze, 52 cm above the floor, composed of two closed arms (48 × 16 × 50 cm) opposite to two open arms (48 × 16 cm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Potentiation Decay and Poor Long-lasting Memory Process in the Wild Rodents Proechimys from Brazil’s Amazon Rainforest

Marques

Reyes-García

Marques-Carneiro

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Proechimys are small terrestrial rodents from Amazon rainforest. Each animal species is adapted to a specific environment in which the animal evolved therefore without comparative approaches unique characteristics of distinct species cannot be fully recognized. Laboratory rodents are exceedingly inbred strains dissociated from their native habitats and their fundamental ecological aspects are abstracted. Thus, the employment of exotic non-model species can be informative and complement conventional animal models. With the aim of promoting comparative studies between the exotic wildlife populations in the laboratory and traditional rodent model, we surveyed a type of synaptic plasticity intimately related to memory encoding in animals. Using theta-burst paradigm, in vitro long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 subfield of hippocampal slices was assessed in the Amazon rodents Proechimys and Wistar rats. Memory, learning and anxiety were investigated through the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PM-DAT) and object recognition test. In PM-DAT, both animal species were submitted to two test sessions (3-h and 24-h) after the conditioning training. Proechimys exhibited higher anxiety-like behavior in the training session but during test sessions both species exhibited similar patterns of anxiety-related behavior. After 3-h of the training, Proechimys and Wistar spent significantly less time in the aversive enclosed arm than in the non-aversive arm. But, at 24-h after training, Wistar rats remained less time in the aversive closed arm in comparison with the non-aversive one, while Proechimys rodents spent the same amount of time in both enclosed arms. In the object recognition test, both species were evaluated at 24-h after the acquisition session and similar findings than those of the PM-DAT (24-h) were obtained, suggesting that long-term memory duration did not persist for 24-h in the Amazon rodent. Field excitatory post-synaptic potentials recordings revealed that LTP decays rapidly over time reaching basal levels at 90 min after theta-burst stimulation in Proechimys, contrasting to the stable LTP found in the Wistar rats which was observed throughout 3-h recording period. These findings suggest a link between the LTP decay and the lack of 24-h long-lasting memory process in Proechimys. Nevertheless, why early-phase LTP in Proechimys decays very rapidly remains to be elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Potentiation Decay and Poor Long-lasting Memory Process in the Wild Rodents Proechimys from Brazil’s Amazon Rainforest

Marques

Reyes-García

Marques-Carneiro

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…A lamp (100 W) and one speaker (that emitted 85 dB) were placed over one of the aversive enclosed arm ( Fig. 1) (Frussa-Filho et al, 2016;Silva and Frussa-Filho, 2000).…”

Section: Behavioural Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test was performed 24 h after the training session, and the time spent in the aversive enclosed arm vs non aversive enclosed arm, over a period of 3 min, was used as a measure of the retention of long-term memory (LTM), according described by Frussa-Filho and collaborators (Frussa-Filho et al, 2016;Silva and Frussa-Filho, 2000). During the test session, no aversive stimuli were administered.…”

Section: Test Session (T)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavones-bound in benzodiazepine site on GABA A receptor: Concomitant anxiolytic-like and cognitive-enhancing effects produced by Isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-Diosmetin

Oliveira¹,

Todo

Rego

et al. 2018

European Journal of Pharmacology

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Increasing evidence suggests that flavones can modulate memory and anxiety-like behaviour. However, these therapeutic effects are inconsistent and induce of adverse effects, which have been associated with interactions at the Benzodiazepine (BZ)-binding site. To improve our understanding of flavone effects on memory and anxiety, we employed a plus-maze discriminative avoidance task. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of the compounds in modulating GABA receptors via BZ-binding site using molecular modelling studies. Adult male Wistar rats were treated 30 min before training session with Vicenin-2 (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg), Vitexin (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg), Isovitexin (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg) and 0.1 mg/kg 6-C-glycoside-Diosmetin, vehicle and a GABA receptor agonist. The analysis of the time spent in the non-aversive vs aversive enclosed arms during the test session and percentage of time in the open arms within the training session revealed that treatment with Isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-Diosmetin had memory-enhancing and anxiolytic-like effects (P < 0.001). In contrast, treatment with a higher dose of Diazepam impaired short-and long-term memory when it alleviated anxiety level. Docking studies revealed that flavones docked in a very similar way to that observed to the Diazepam, except by a lack of interaction in residue α1His101 in the BZ-binding site on GABA receptors, which may be related to memory-enhancing effect. The occurrence of the αHis101 interaction could justify the memory-impairing observed following Diazepam treatment. These findings provide the first evidence that Isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-Diosmetin could exert their memory-enhancing and anxiolytic-like effects via GABA receptor modulation, which likely occurs via their benzodiazepine-binding site.

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Assessing Cognitive Phenotypes in Zebrafish

Echevarria

Collier

Lamb

2017

The Rights and Wrongs of Zebrafish: Behavioral Phenotyping of Zebrafish

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The Plus-Maze Discriminative Avoidance Task: An Ethical Rodent Model for Concomitant Evaluation of Learning, Memory, Anxiety, Motor Activity and Their Interactions

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Long-term Potentiation Decay and Poor Long-lasting Memory Process in the Wild Rodents Proechimys from Brazil’s Amazon Rainforest

Long-term Potentiation Decay and Poor Long-lasting Memory Process in the Wild Rodents Proechimys from Brazil’s Amazon Rainforest

Flavones-bound in benzodiazepine site on GABA A receptor: Concomitant anxiolytic-like and cognitive-enhancing effects produced by Isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-Diosmetin

Assessing Cognitive Phenotypes in Zebrafish

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