The Pleistocene non-marine mollusca of Ilford

Kennard, A. S.; Woodward, B. B.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(00)80048-6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…8). Our amino acid data from Strensham are similar to those from sites such as Aveley, Crayford (Kennard, 1944) West Thurrock (Schreve et al, 2006), Stutton, (Sparks and West, 1964), Uphall Pit at Ilford (Kennard and Woodward, 1900; West et al, 1964) and Stanton Harcourt (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Discussion: Testing the New Aminostratigraphysupporting

confidence: 70%

An aminostratigraphy for the British Quaternary based on Bithynia opercula

Penkman

Preece

Bridgland

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aminostratigraphies of Quaternary non-marine deposits in Europe have been previously based on the racemization of a single amino acid in aragonitic shells from land and freshwater molluscs. The value of analysing multiple amino acids from the opercula of the freshwater gastropod Bithynia, which are composed of calcite, has been demonstrated. The protocol used for the isolation of intra-crystalline proteins from shells has been applied to these calcitic opercula, which have been shown to more closely approximate a closed system for indigenous protein residues. Original amino acids are even preserved in bithyniid opercula from the Eocene, showing persistence of indigenous organics for over 30 million years. Geochronological data from opercula are superior to those from shells in two respects: first, in showing less natural variability, and second, in the far better preservation of the intra-crystalline proteins, possibly resulting from the greater stability of calcite. These features allow greater temporal resolution and an extension of the dating range beyond the early Middle Pleistocene. Here we provide full details of the analyses for 480 samples from 100 horizons (75 sites), ranging from Late Pliocene to modern. These show that the dating technique is applicable to the entire Quaternary. Data are provided from all the stratotypes from British stages to have yielded opercula, which are shown to be clearly separable using this revised method. Further checks on the data are provided by reference to other type-sites for different stages (including some not formally defined). Additional tests are provided by sites with independent geochronology, or which can be associated with a terrace stratigraphy or biostratigraphy. This new aminostratigraphy for the non-marine Quaternary deposits of southern Britain provides a framework for understanding the regional geological and archaeological record. Comparison with reference to sites yielding independent geochronology, in combination with other lines of evidence, allows tentative correlation with the marine oxygen isotope record.

show abstract

Section: Discussion: Testing the New Aminostratigraphysupporting

confidence: 70%

An aminostratigraphy for the British Quaternary based on Bithynia opercula

Penkman

Preece

Bridgland

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5(f)). Faunal lists from the 'Sidestrand Unio-bed' have previously been given by Reid (1882), Kennard (1924), Day Kimball in Zeuner (1959: 329-332), Sparks (1980, table 19) and Meijer and Preece (1996, table 5). Table 2 presents a revised composite list that includes some new records.…”

Section: Molluscamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostratigraphic and aminostratigraphic constraints on the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in north Norfolk, UK

Preece

Parfitt

Coope³

et al. 2009

J Quaternary Science

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Considerable debate surrounds the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in East Anglia following some recent stratigraphical reinterpretations. Resolution of the stratigraphy here is important since it not only concerns the glacial history of the region but also has a bearing on our understanding of the earliest human occupation of north-western Europe. The orthodox consensus that all the tills were emplaced during the Anglian (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12) has recently been challenged by a view assigning each major till to a different glacial stage, before, during and after MIS 12. Between Trimingham and Sidestrand on the north Norfolk coast, datable organic sediments occur immediately below and above the glacial succession. The oldest glacial deposit (Happisburgh Till) directly overlies the 'Sidestrand Unio-bed', here defined as the Sidestrand Hall Member of the Cromer Forest-bed Formation. Dating of these sediments therefore has a bearing on the maximum age of the glacial sequence. This paper reviews the palaeobotany and describes the faunal assemblages recovered from the Sidestrand Unio-bed, which accumulated in a fluvial environment in a fully temperate climate with regional deciduous woodland. There are indications from the ostracods for weakly brackish conditions. Significant differences are apparent between the Sidestrand assemblages and those from West Runton, the type site of the Cromerian Stage. These differences do not result from contrasting facies or taphonomy but reflect warmer palaeotemperatures at Sidestrand and a much younger age. This conclusion is suggested by the higher proportion of thermophiles at Sidestrand and the occurrence of a water vole with unrooted molars (Arvicola) rather than its ancestor Mimomys savini with rooted molars. Amino acid racemisation data also indicate that Sidestrand is significantly younger than West Runton. These data further highlight the stratigraphical complexity of the 'Cromerian Complex' and support the conventional view that the Happisburgh Till was emplaced during the Anglian rather than the recently advanced view that it dates from MIS 16. Moreover, new evidence from the Trimingham lake bed (Sidestrand Cliff Formation) above the youngest glacial outwash sediments (Briton's Lane Formation) indicates that they also accumulated during a Middle Pleistocene interglacial -probably MIS 11. All of this evidence is consistent with a short chronology placing the glacial deposits within MIS 12, rather than invoking multiple episodes of glaciation envisaged in the 'new glacial stratigraphy' during MIS 16, 12, 10 and 6.

show abstract

“…1850 AD) (Van Damme et al 2007) when bitterling expanded from the Pontic region (Bohlen et al 2006). No such range shift was recorded in unionid mussels, which have been a stable component of the freshwater fauna of Central and West Europe throughout the Holocene (Kennard and Woodward 1903; Kennard 1924; Watters 2000). Regardless of the absolute timing of the bitterling expansion to Central and West Europe, the mussel populations used by the bitterling for oviposition in Central Europe are hosts with a recent sympatry in contrast to bitterling populations from the Pontic region, where bitterling and mussels have evolved in sympatry for at least 2 million years (Bohlen et al 2006; Kozhara et al 2007; Reichard et al 2007b; Van Damme et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bitterling-Mussel Coevolutionary Relationship in Areas of Recent and Ancient Sympatry

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Host-parasite relationships are often characterized by the rapid evolution of parasite adaptations to exploit their host, and counteradaptations in the host to avoid the costs imposed by parasitism. Hence, the current coevolutionary state between a parasite and its hosts is predicted to vary according to the history of sympatry and local abundance of interacting species. We compared a unique reciprocal coevolutionary relationship of a fish, the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) and freshwater mussels (Unionidae) between areas of recent (Central Europe) and ancient (Turkey) sympatry. Bitterling parasitize freshwater mussels by laying their eggs in the gills of mussel and, in turn, mussel larvae (glochidia) parasitize the fish. We found that all bitterling from both regions avoided one mussel species. Preferences among other mussel species tended to be related to local mussel abundance rather than duration of sympatry. Individual fish were not consistent in their oviposition choices, precluding the evolution of host-specific lineages. Mussels were demonstrated to have evolved strong defenses to bitterling parasitism in the area of ancient sympatry, but have no such defenses in the large areas of Europe where bitterling are currently invasive. Bitterling avoided glochidia infection irrespective of the duration of sympatry. K E Y W O R D S :Coevolutionary arm races, evolutionary lag, gentes, host race, specialization, symbiosis.

show abstract

The Pleistocene non-marine mollusca of Ilford

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

An aminostratigraphy for the British Quaternary based on Bithynia opercula

An aminostratigraphy for the British Quaternary based on Bithynia opercula

Biostratigraphic and aminostratigraphic constraints on the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in north Norfolk, UK

The Bitterling-Mussel Coevolutionary Relationship in Areas of Recent and Ancient Sympatry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About