The Pleistocene mammals of Costa Rica

Lucas, Spencer G.; Alvarado, Guillermo E.; Vega, Eduardo de la

doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10010985

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This specimen also differs in having a distinct bulge on the lingual side of the metaloph and a groove on the posterior end. The age of the Costa Rican specimen is more than 1 million years (Lucas et al, 1997). This is older than most of the others from Central America and may account for the morphological difference.…”

Section: Description Of Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Description or measurements of the M3 and explicit comparisons with the M3 of Toxodon are provided only by Laurito (1993) and Lucas et al (1997). The distribution of enamel and dentine on the outer surface of the tooth is described by Laurito (1993) in terms of bands of enamel rather than dentine tracts, who states that they are similar to those in Toxodon platensis but gives no measurements of their widths.…”

Section: Description Of Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polaco et al (2004) refrained from naming another species of Mixotoxodon but it is interesting that the two northernmost records of the genus show minor dental differences from the material from farther south. The specimen from Costa Rica (MNCR CFM-846) illustrated by Laurito (1993) and Lucas et al (1997) has a distinct concavity on the labial side of the M3 and then tapers to the anterior end. This specimen also differs in having a distinct bulge on the lingual side of the metaloph and a groove on the posterior end.…”

Section: Description Of Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upper molars, including M3s of toxodonts, were recovered from Honduras (Webb and Perrigo, 1984), Costa Rica (Valerio, 1939;Laurito, 1993;Lucas et al, 1997), and El Salvador (Webb and Perrigo, 1984) and were referred to Mixotoxodon. Description or measurements of the M3 and explicit comparisons with the M3 of Toxodon are provided only by Laurito (1993) and Lucas et al (1997).…”

Section: Description Of Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The first occurrence of a toxodont (Mammalia, Notoungulata) in the United States

Lundelius

Bryant

Mandel

et al. 2013

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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Section: Description Of Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The first occurrence of a toxodont (Mammalia, Notoungulata) in the United States

Lundelius

Bryant

Mandel

et al. 2013

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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“…This tooth clearly is part of an upper molar of a toxodont. It corresponds well to material from northern South America and Central America referred to Mixotoxodon larensis (Van Frank, 1957;Laurito, 1993;Lucas et al, 1997;Lucas, 2008c), so I assign it to that taxon.…”

Section: Mixotoxodon Larensismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mamíferos del Pleistoceno Terminal de la localidad de El Hatillo, Panamá

Lucas

2014

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

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Late Pleistocene mammals from the El Hatillo locality on the Azuero Peninsula in Panama, originally reported by C. L. Gazin in 1957, are documented here for the first time. The following taxa are present: Hoplophorinae?, Glyptotherium floridanum, Eremotherium laurillardi, Paramylodon harlani, Equus conversidens, Platygonus sp., Odocoileus sp., Mixotoxodon larensis and Cuvieronius hyodon. This is a characteristic assemblage of late Pleistocene mammals from Central America that is dominated by fossils of Eremotherium in association with fossils of Mixotoxodon and Equus. I refer to such associations as EME assemblages and posit that most of these assemblages from Central America are of Late Pleistocene age. EME assemblages represent a mixed fauna of grazers and browsers that was common across Central America during one or more of the Late Pleistocene interstadials. Keywords: Fossil mammals, Eremotherium, Mixotoxodon, Equus, Panamá, Pleistocene. RESUMEN: Documentamos aquí por primera vez los mamíferos del Pleistoceno tardío de la localidad de El Hatillo en la península de Azuero en Panamá, originalmente reportado por C. L. Gazin en 1957. Los siguientes taxa están presente: Hoplophorinae?, Glyptotherium floridanum, Eremotherium laurillardi, Paramylodon harlani, Equus conversidens, Platygonus sp., Odocoileus sp., Mixotoxodon larensis y Cuvieronius hyodon. Este es un conjunto característico de mamíferos del Pleistoceno Tardío de Centroamérica destacado por fósiles de Eremotherium en asociación con fósiles de Mixotoxodon y Equus. Me refiero a este tipo de asociación como montaje EME y postulo que la mayoría de estos montajes de Centroamérica son de edad del Pleistoceno Tardío. Los montajes EME representan una fauna mixta de pasteadores y ramoneadores que eran muy común en toda Centroamérica durante uno o más de los fines interestadiales del Pleistoceno.

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Considering Pleistocene North American wolves and coyotes in the eastern Canis origin story

Wilson

Rutledge

2021

Ecology and Evolution

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The evolutionary origins and hybridization patterns of Canis species in North America have been hotly debated for the past 30 years. Disentangling ancestry and timing of hybridization in Great Lakes wolves, eastern Canadian wolves, red wolves, and eastern coyotes are most often partitioned into a 2‐species model that assigns all ancestry to gray wolves and/or coyotes, and a 3‐species model that includes a third, North American evolved eastern wolf genome. The proposed models address recent or sometimes late Holocene hybridization events but have largely ignored potential Pleistocene era progenitors and opportunities for hybridization that may have impacted the current mixed genomes in eastern Canada and the United States. Here, we re‐analyze contemporary and ancient mitochondrial DNA genomes with Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to more accurately estimate divergence dates among lineages. We combine that with a review of the literature on Late Pleistocene Canis distributions to: (a) identify potential Pleistocene progenitors to southern North American gray wolves and eastern wolves; and (b) illuminate opportunities for ancient hybridization events. Specifically, we propose that Beringian gray wolves ( C. lupus ) and extinct large wolf‐like coyotes ( C. latrans orcutti ) are likely progenitors to Mexican and Plains gray wolves and eastern wolves, respectively, and may represent a potentially unrecognized source of introgressed genomic variation within contemporary Canis genomes. These events speak to the potential origins of contemporary genomes and provide a new perspective on Canis ancestry, but do not negate current conservation priorities of dwindling wolf populations with unique genomic signatures and key ecologically critical roles.

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The Pleistocene mammals of Costa Rica

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

The first occurrence of a toxodont (Mammalia, Notoungulata) in the United States

The first occurrence of a toxodont (Mammalia, Notoungulata) in the United States

Mamíferos del Pleistoceno Terminal de la localidad de El Hatillo, Panamá

Considering Pleistocene North American wolves and coyotes in the eastern Canis origin story

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