1697 a mob of woolen and silk weavers stormed the East India Company's office in London, egged on by yells that "the Company had not made a Dividend for some years, but they would make one now." 1 It was true that the Company had not paid dividends to its shareholders for six years, but these weavers did not own shares. The weavers rioted, sent petitions, and published tracts to demand protection from the apparently devastating competition of cotton calicoes imported by the Company to London and then distributed to the rest of Britain, Europe, West Africa, the West Indies, and the Americas. Woolen and silk producers constituted two of England's most important manufacturing sectors, and their suffering posed major economic, human, administrative, and political problems. In 1700 Parliament attempted to solve these problems with "An Act for the more effectual employing the Poor, by encouraging the Manufactures of this Kingdom," the first Calico Act. 2 The act prohibited the