“…In the early stages of the learning process, but particularly in primary and secondary schools, the management of emotions has an increasingly important role to play, not only when it comes to understanding oneself and others, but also to socializing properly, and facing ever-changing challenging situations (Arauco & Alza, 2021). In this teaching methodology, new knowledge is based on previous experiences and motivation in the classroom is crucial, emphasising collaborative work and constant teacher-student interaction (Saarni, 2010). A meaningful learning process in one that manages to generate healthy self-esteem in students, making them feel part of the developmental process and prepared to face its objectives with the requisite competence (Salguero & García, 2017), thus avoiding a lack of emotional control and subsequent deficit in emotional competences that may have consequences during secondary education, through the proliferation of internalizing and externalizing problems, with self-esteem, being areas of great educational and social interest (Cobos et al, 2017;Resurrección et al, 2014) Some authors show in their studies how threats, insults and disobedience are repeatedly reproduced in educational settings (Rodríguez et al, 2020).…”