“…These inferences indicated that Rep_3 plasmids carrying pXerC/D-bounded genes were already present in the A. baumannii population before the massive anthropogenic introduction of antimicrobials by the middle of last century (Antunes et al, 2014;Baquero et al, 2021). GGTGTA cr sequences can also be found among 6 out of the 17 non-identical pXerC/D sites identified by us among Ab242/Ab825 plasmids (Cameranesi et al, 2018), and between many of the multiple pXerC/D sites described in other plasmids of many Acinetobacter (and even non-Acinetobacter) strains isolated in different periods and from different sources, both clinical and environmental (Fu et al, 2014;Blackwell and Hall, 2017;Brovedan et al, 2019;Matos et al, 2019;Mindlin et al, 2019;Balalovski and Grainge, 2020;Bonnin et al, 2020;Salgado-Camargo et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Alattraqchi et al, 2021;Hamidian et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Jones et al, 2022). Although it remains to be established what other factors influence the feasibility (or reversibility) of SSR events between sites sharing identical cr sequences, it is likely that some of these sites participate in the remodeling and evolution of Acinetobacter plasmids in the eventuality that they collide in the same cell, with the concomitant accelerated dissemination of the resistance determinants they bound.…”