The plasma membrane–bound phospholipase Dδ enhances freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Li, Weiqi; Li, Maoyin; Zhang, Wenhua; Welti, Ruth; Wang, Xuemin

doi:10.1038/nbt949

Cited by 306 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The PA concentration in Arabidopsis leaves is estimated to be 50-100 M based on the PA content in leaves (20,21,26). The levels of PA from fluorescence PC increased Ͼ2-fold in protoplasts of Arabidopsis leaves (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipase Dα1-derived phosphatidic acid interacts with ABI1 phosphatase 2C and regulates abscisic acid signaling

Zhang

Qin

Zhao

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A bscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, and low temperature (1). Reversible protein phosphorylation is involved in the early events of ABA signal transduction (2, 3). Specific protein kinases are activated in response to ABA and have been proposed to play a positive role in ABA signaling (2, 4). On the other hand, protein phosphatases 2C (PP2C), such as ABI1, ABI2, and AtPP2CA, are negative regulators in ABA responses (5). The loss of ABI1 or ABI2 PP2C activity in the intragenic revertants of abi1-1 or abi2-1 leads to an enhanced response to ABA (6, 7), whereas overexpression of ABI1 or AtPP2CA blocks the expression of ABAinducible genes in Arabidopsis protoplasts (3). Antisense (AS) inhibition of AtPP2CA results in the enhancement of cold-and ABA-induced gene expression (8). Recently, ABI1 was shown to interact with ATHB6, a transcriptional regulator (9), and with PKS18, a SOS2-like protein kinase (10), whereas ABI2 and AtPP2CA were found to regulate SOS2 kinase and K ϩ channels, respectively (10-12). However, how the activity and function of PP2Cs are regulated in plant cells is still unclear.Recent studies indicate that phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in ABA responses. PLD activity has been implicated in mediating the ABA inhibition of ␣-amylase secretion (13), ABA-regulated stomatal movement (14), and ABA-induced gene expression (15,16). Arabidopsis has 12 PLDs, and multiple types of PLDs display distinctly different catalytic and regulatory properties (17). Molecular and genetic data have indicated that a specific PLD participates in signaling the ABA response. AS inhibition of PLD␣1 diminished stomatal closure induced by ABA or drought and increased water loss in Arabidopsis, whereas overexpression of PLD␣1 resulted in an increased sensitivity to ABA (18). In addition, specific PLDs have been shown to regulate many other plant functions, including cell patterning, programmed cell death, and stress tolerance (19-21). However, the direct target of PLD action is unknown. In this study, we present evidence for a direct link between PLD␣1 and PP2C in the ABA signaling response. Materials and Methods Plant Materials and Growth.A T-DNA-insertional mutant of PLD␣1 (PLD␣1-KO) was identified from SALK 053785 seeds obtained from the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (Columbus, OH). The site of T-DNA insertion was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The generation of PLD␣1-AS plants was described in ref. 22. Seeds of PLD␣1-KO, PLD␣1-AS, and wild type of Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia) were sown in soil and kept at 4°C for 2 days. Plants were grown in a growth chamber with cool white fluorescent light of 100 mol m Ϫ2 ⅐s Ϫ1 under 14-h light͞10-h dark and 23°C͞18°C cycles.Water Loss and Stomatal Aperture Measurements. Detached leaves from 6-week-old plants were exposed to cool white light (125 mol m Ϫ2 ⅐s Ϫ1 ) at 23°C. Leaves were weighed at various time intervals, and the loss of fresh weight (%) was used to in...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipase Dα1-derived phosphatidic acid interacts with ABI1 phosphatase 2C and regulates abscisic acid signaling

Zhang

Qin

Zhao

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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465

459

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“…Both PLD and its product PA play key roles in plant growth and development, hormone effects and stress responses (reviewed by Wang 2005; Bargmann and Munnik 2006). PLD activity in plants, has been generally related with a wide range of stress responses, such as pathogen attack (Young et al 1996), wounding (Ryu and Wang 1996), freezing tolerance (Li et al 2004), water stress (Munnik et al 2000;Thiery et al 2004) and ABA signalling ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced induction of microspore embryogenesis after n-butanol treatment in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture

2008

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The aim of this study was the improvement of embryo production in wheat anther culture. Three butanol alcohols, n-butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol, were evaluated for their effect on microspore embryogenesis in two spring cultivars of wheat, Pavon and Caramba. Application of n-butanol, at 0.1 and 0.2% (v/v) in the induction media for five hours, highly improved embryo production in both cultivars. Sec-and tert-butanol performed similarly to control plates. Regeneration ability was unaffected by any butylalcohol treatment. As a consequence of the higher embryo production after n-butanol treatment, the number of green regenerated plants increased up to 5 times in cultivar Pavon and up to 3 times in cultivar Caramba. The percentage of green plants was improved or unaffected by the treatment. Doubled haploid plant production was between 2 and 4 times higher after n-butanol treatment than in control plates. Therefore, n-butanol was successfully applied in the production of wheat doubled haploids. This primary alcohol is known as an activator of phospholipase D and has been previously reported to disrupt cortical microtubules and detach them from the plasma membrane in plants. Its effects on androgenetic induction could confirm the importance of microtubule regulation in plant cell fate, specifically in microspore development. A possible implication of phospholipase D is discussed.

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“…PLD previously has been proposed to play a pivotal role in many cellular processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and membrane degradation (Wang, 2002). PLDa1 and PLDd were demonstrated to function in freezing and drought tolerance (Sang et al, 2001;Welti et al, 2002;Li et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2004). PLDz1 and PLDz2 are distinctively different from other PLDs; they have phox homology (PX) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains that are also found in mammalian PLDs (Qin and Wang, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Double Knockouts of Phospholipases Dζ1 and Dζ2 in Arabidopsis Affect Root Elongation during Phosphate-Limited Growth But Do Not Affect Root Hair Patterning

et al. 2005

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(M.L., X.W.)Root elongation and root hair formation are important in nutrient absorption. We found that two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phospholipase Ds (PLDs), PLDz1 and PLDz2, were involved in root elongation during phosphate limitation. PLDz1 and PLDz2 are structurally different from the majority of plant PLDs by having phox and pleckstrin homology domains. Both PLDzs were expressed more in roots than in other tissues. It was reported previously that inducible suppression or inducible overexpression of PLDz1 affected root hair patterning. However, gene knockouts of PLDz1, PLDz2, or the double knockout of PLDz1 and PLDz2 showed no effect on root hair formation. The expression of PLDzs increased in response to phosphate limitation. The elongation of primary roots in PLDz1 and PLDz2 double knockout mutants was slower than that of wild type and single knockout mutants. The loss of PLDz2, but not PLDz1, led to a decreased accumulation of phosphatidic acid in roots under phosphate-limited conditions. These results indicate that PLDz1 and PLDz2 play a role in regulating root development in response to nutrient limitation.

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The plasma membrane–bound phospholipase Dδ enhances freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 306 publications

References 32 publications

Phospholipase Dα1-derived phosphatidic acid interacts with ABI1 phosphatase 2C and regulates abscisic acid signaling

Phospholipase Dα1-derived phosphatidic acid interacts with ABI1 phosphatase 2C and regulates abscisic acid signaling

Enhanced induction of microspore embryogenesis after n-butanol treatment in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture

Double Knockouts of Phospholipases Dζ1 and Dζ2 in Arabidopsis Affect Root Elongation during Phosphate-Limited Growth But Do Not Affect Root Hair Patterning

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