The plantar sole is a ‘dynamometric map’ for human balance control

Kavounoudias, Anne; Roll, R.; Roll, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1097/00001756-199810050-00021

Cited by 416 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The importance of mechanoreceptive information for postural control has been confirmed in several previous investigations (Kavounoudias et al 1998;Stal et al 2003). The destabilizing effects of standing on a foam surface have also been investigated previously in several studies (Blackburn et al 2003;Jeka et al 2004;Vrancken et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Changes in multi-segmented body movements and EMG activity while standing on firm and foam support surfaces

et al. 2007

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Postural control ensures stability during both static posture and locomotion by initiating corrective adjustments in body movement. This is particularly important when the conditions of the support surface change. We investigated the effects of standing on a compliant foam surface using twelve normal subjects (mean age 26 years) in terms of: linear movements at the head, shoulder, hip and knee; EMG activity of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles and torques towards the support surface. As subjects repeated the trials with eyes open or closed, we were also able to determine the effects of vision on multi-segmented body movements during standing upon different support surface conditions.As expected, EMG activity, torque variance values and body movements at all measured positions increased significantly when standing on foam compared with the firm surface.Linear knee and hip movements increased more, relative to shoulder and head movements while standing on foam. Vision stabilized the head and shoulder movements more than hip and knee movements while standing on foam support surface. Moreover, vision significantly reduced the tibialis anterior EMG activity and torque variance during the trials involving foam.In conclusion, the foam support surface increased corrective muscle and torque activity, and changed the firm-surface multi-segmented body movement pattern. Vision improved the ability of postural control to handle compliant surface conditions. Several essential features of postural control have been found from recording movement from multiple points on the body, synchronized with recording torque and EMG.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Changes in multi-segmented body movements and EMG activity while standing on firm and foam support surfaces

et al. 2007

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“…These results supported the hypothesis that the spikes provide relevant tactile information about body position in reference to verticality. As slow adapting receptors code the continuous pressures applied to their field (Kennedy and Inglis 2002), it can be suggested that the spikes are another indented surface that increased the body awareness and improved the spatial representation of the pressure distribution under the feet sole (Wu and Chiang 1997;Kavounoudias et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the feet interface directly with the ground, cutaneous cues provide very detailed spatial and temporal information about the support surface properties, and about the variations of pressure under the feet that directly result from a shift of the centre of foot pressure (CoP) displacements (Maurer et al 2001;Perry 2006). The plantar sole is a "dynamometric map" (Kavounoudias et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do spike insoles enhance postural stability and plantar-surface cutaneous sensitivity in the elderly?

Palluel

Nougier

Olivier

2008

AGE

116

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Balance problems are often related to a loss of plantar-sensitivity in elderly people. The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of plantar cutaneous inputs induced by a spike support surface to the control of stance. Nineteen elderly (mean age 69.0 years, range 62-80) and 19 young adults (mean age 25.9 years, range 21-32) were instructed to stand (standing session) or to walk (walking session) for 5 min with sandals equipped with spike insoles (spike condition). Both sessions also involved a no spike condition in which participants stood or walked for 5 min without these insoles (no spike condition). In all conditions, postural responses were assessed during unperturbed stance and were performed (1) immediately after putting the spike or the no spike insoles, and (2) 5 min after standing or walking with them. Sway parameters, such as centre of foot pressure mean location, surface area, mean speed, root mean square and median frequency on the antero-posterior and medio-lateral axes, were calculated. As postural performances are often related to plantar-surface sensitivity, cutaneous sensitivity threshold was also evaluated with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments.Although no immediate effect of the spike insoles was found, results indicated that standing or walking for 5 min with sandals equipped with spike insoles led to a significant improvement of quiet standing in the elderly. Balance improvement was also observed in young adults. The results provided evidence that wearing sandals with spike insoles can contribute, at least temporarily, to the improvement of unperturbed stance in elderly people with relatively intact plantar cutaneous sensation. Further research is needed to assess the effects of longer and discontinuous stimulations with spike insoles on postural control.

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“…Hence, one way of perturbing balance is by altering the information from the somatosensory receptors through vibration of the calf muscles. By vibrating the calf muscles, body sway and torque at the ankles increases (Fransson et al, 2000;Ivanenko et al, 1999;Kavounoudias et al, 1998) and when the vibrations are repeated, the adaptations are evidenced as a decrease in movement variability and ankle torque (Fransson et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation and vision change the relationship between muscle activity of the lower limbs and body movement during human balance perturbations

Patel

Gomez

Lush

et al. 2009

Clinical Neurophysiology

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The plantar sole is a ‘dynamometric map’ for human balance control

Cited by 416 publications

References 9 publications

Changes in multi-segmented body movements and EMG activity while standing on firm and foam support surfaces

Changes in multi-segmented body movements and EMG activity while standing on firm and foam support surfaces

Do spike insoles enhance postural stability and plantar-surface cutaneous sensitivity in the elderly?

Adaptation and vision change the relationship between muscle activity of the lower limbs and body movement during human balance perturbations

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