The Plant Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome

Willems, Alex; Veylder, Lieven De

doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-092421

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…To investigate the role of endoreplication in cell size regulation, we analyzed differential cell elongation during apical hook development in the Arabidopsis cell cycle switch protein 52 a2 ( ccs52a2) mutant, which exhibits strongly reduced endoreplication ( 8 ) due to inactivation of CCS52A2, a rate-limiting activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome E3 ubiquitin ligase (APC/C) ( 9 ). Hook development proceeds through three phases: formation, maintenance, and opening (fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoreplication mediates cell size control via mechanochemical signaling from cell wall

Jonsson

Aryal

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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Endoreplication is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for increasing nuclear DNA content (ploidy). Ploidy frequently scales with final cell and organ size, suggesting a key role for endoreplication in these processes. However, exceptions exist, and, consequently, the endoreplication-size nexus remains enigmatic. Here, we show that prolonged tissue folding at the apical hook in Arabidopsis requires endoreplication asymmetry under the control of an auxin gradient. We identify a molecular pathway linking endoreplication levels to cell size through cell wall remodeling and stiffness modulation. We find that endoreplication is not only permissive for growth: Endoreplication reduction enhances wall stiffening, actively reducing cell size. The cell wall integrity kinase THESEUS plays a key role in this feedback loop. Our data thus explain the nonlinearity between ploidy levels and size while also providing a molecular mechanism linking mechanochemical signaling with endoreplication-mediated dynamic control of cell growth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoreplication mediates cell size control via mechanochemical signaling from cell wall

Jonsson

Aryal

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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“…The APC/C, which controls cell division by ubiquitinating cell-cycle regulators to drive their timely degradation, is highly conserved among eukaryotes. It consists of at least 13 different subunits, including the E2-binding RING finger protein APC11, forming the catalytic arm with APC2 to transfer ubiquitin moieties to the target substrate (Guo et al, 2016(Guo et al, , 2018Mo et al, 2009;Willems & Veylder, 2022). Although the proteins and mechanisms that regulate these key meiotic transitions all directly modify the CDK-cyclin-APC/C module, the mechanisms of APC/C regulation for meiotic exit seem far from universal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZmTDM1 contains TPR domain and belongs to a family of proteins conserved in plants (Willems & Veylder, 2022).…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Zmtdm1 In Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

ZmTDM1 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein and is required for meiotic exit in maize

Zhang,

Zhao,

2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYElaborate cell‐cycle control must be adopted to ensure the continuity of the meiotic second division and termination after that. Despite its importance, however, the genetic controls underlying the meiotic cell cycle have not been reported in maize. Here, we characterized a meiotic cell‐cycle controller ZmTDM1, which is a homolog of Arabidopsis TDM1 and encodes a canonical tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein in maize. The Zmtdm1 homozygous plants exhibited complete male sterility and severe female abortion. In Zmtdm1 mutants, cell‐cycle progression was almost identical to that of wild type from leptotene to anaphase II. However, chromosomes in the tetrad failed meiotic termination at the end of the second division and underwent additional divisions in succession without DNA replication, reducing the ploidy to less than haploid in the product. In addition, two ZmTDM1‐like homologs (ZmTDML1 and ZmTDML2) were not functional in meiotic cell‐cycle control. Moreover, ZmTDM1 interacted with RING‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase, revealing that it acts as a subunit of the APC/C E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Overall, our results identified a regulator of meiotic cell cycle in maize and demonstrated that ZmTDM1 is essential for meiotic exit after meiosis II.

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“…Further study showed that UBP15 individually affects EOD1 and DA2 to regulate grain size, specifying that other unidentified E3 ubiquitin ligases may ubiquitinate UBP15. Moreover, in Arabidopsis, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase and the 26S proteasome, along with many other factors such as RPT2 and SAMBA, affect seed development [ 116 , 117 , 118 ]. SAMBA mutations, a negative regulator of APC/C, result in a larger seed size [ 117 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Signaling Pathways In Seed Size Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Genetic Engineering Techniques for Control of Seed Size and Yield

Alam

Batool

Huang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Many signaling pathways regulate seed size through the development of endosperm and maternal tissues, which ultimately results in a range of variations in seed size or weight. Seed size can be determined through the development of zygotic tissues (endosperm and embryo) and maternal ovules. In addition, in some species such as rice, seed size is largely determined by husk growth. Transcription regulator factors are responsible for enhancing cell growth in the maternal ovule, resulting in seed growth. Phytohormones induce significant effects on entire features of growth and development of plants and also regulate seed size. Moreover, the vegetative parts are the major source of nutrients, including the majority of carbon and nitrogen-containing molecules for the reproductive part to control seed size. There is a need to increase the size of seeds without affecting the number of seeds in plants through conventional breeding programs to improve grain yield. In the past decades, many important genetic factors affecting seed size and yield have been identified and studied. These important factors constitute dynamic regulatory networks governing the seed size in response to environmental stimuli. In this review, we summarized recent advances regarding the molecular factors regulating seed size in Arabidopsis and other crops, followed by discussions on strategies to comprehend crops’ genetic and molecular aspects in balancing seed size and yield.

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The Plant Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome

Cited by 11 publications

References 111 publications

Endoreplication mediates cell size control via mechanochemical signaling from cell wall

Endoreplication mediates cell size control via mechanochemical signaling from cell wall

ZmTDM1 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein and is required for meiotic exit in maize

Developing Genetic Engineering Techniques for Control of Seed Size and Yield

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