The Planned Happenstance Career Inventory: A Cross‐Cultural Comparison

Abstract

This study examined the measurement invariance and latent mean difference of an English version (J. H. Lee et al., 2017) of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI; B. Kim, Jung, et al., 2014) across cultures. Participants were 262 American and 291 South Korean undergraduates. Measurement invariance results indicated that the 5‐factor structure was adequate for both groups and that conditions for configural, metric, and partial intercept invariance were met. Latent mean analysis was used to compare the mean scores of the PHCI skills (curiosity, flexibility, persistence, optimism, and risk taking). The latent means of curiosity, flexibility, persistence, and optimism were higher among South Korean undergraduates, but no significant difference was found regarding risk taking. Career counselors should consider differences in planned happenstance perceptions across cultures to provide better career guidance. Future studies are needed to verify the distinctive nature of flexibility by replicating the factor structure of the PHCI with other samples.

The Ability to Manage Unexpected Events and the Vocational Identity in Young People: The Italian Validation of Planned Happenstance Career Inventory

“…Findings (see (Kim et al, 2014). The sample in the present study has Considering the second goal, the validity of PHCII was also supported by the correlations between vocational identity status and the PHCII, which is consistent with the findings from Rhee et al (2016) and Lee et al (2019). In general, we can say that Visa dimensions have different relations with the five skills of Happenstance.…”

“…The research team members who were fluent in English translated and back translated the English version of the PHCI ( Lee et al, 2019 ). Afterward, researchers had a series of consensus meetings to review the translation and discuss the clarity and relevance of the items.…”

“…Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of the 5-factor structure, and the goodness of fit showed an adequate fit for both women and men models. Lee et al (2019) examined the cross-cultural validity of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI) for a sample of 262 U.S. college students. Results of this study supported the original 5-factor structure of the Korean PHCI in the U.S. sample.…”

“… Lee et al (2019) examined the cross-cultural validity of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI) for a sample of 262 U.S. college students. Results of this study supported the original 5-factor structure of the Korean PHCI in the U.S. sample.…”

“…1.To examine the cross-cultural validity of the Planned Happenstance Career for a sample of 472 Italian late adolescents. The development of a reliable measurement of planned happenstance skills that can be used across diverse cultures has become a concern for many researchers ( Kim et al, 2014 ; Lee et al, 2019 ). Therefore, according to the two previous studies on PHCI measure, we expected that the five-factor structure identified by Kim et al (2014) , and confirmed in the English version ( Rhee et al, 2016 ; Lee et al, 2019 ), could emerge as appropriate for the Italian version of the measure; the solution should be consistent across genders.…”