The Place of Biomaterials in Wound Healing

Abstract

2.1 Background 2.2 Aetiology of Diabetic Foot Ulcers 2.3 Standard of Care for Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers 2.4 Commonly Used Wound Dressings for Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Mechanism of Action 2.5 Absorbent and Superabsorbent Dressings 2.6 Alginates 2.7 Films 2.8 Foams 2.9 Honeys 2.10 Hydrogels 2.11 The Role of a Split Thickness Skin Graft in Diabetic Foot Ulcers 2.12 Negative Pressure Wound Therapy 2.13 Larval Therapy 2.14 Clinical Case Studies from Multidisciplinary Diabetic Foot Clinic 2.14.1 Neuropathic Wound 2.14.2 Ischaemic Wound 2.14.3 Neuro-Ischaemic Wound 2.14.4 Osteomyelitis 2.14.5 Charcot's Foot 2.14.6 Necrotising Fasciitis in a Patient with Diabetes 2.15 Summary Acknowledgements References

Nanotechnology Development for Formulating Essential Oils in Wound Dressing Materials to Promote the Wound-Healing Process: A Review

“…Nowadays, natural biopolymers are extensively used for wound treatment because of their compatibility with the human organism. Furthermore, they show good adaptability to technological needs due to their easy chemical modification with derivatives [69]. The most common natural biopolymers applied for wound healing are polysaccharides (cellulose, alginates, chitosan, heparin, hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin), proteoglycans, and proteins (collagen, gelatin, fibrin, keratin, silk fibroin, and eggshell membrane) [16,53,70].…”

“…They have been selected based on their biodegradability and inherent cellular interaction, and closeness to the structure and surface topography of the ECM [52]. Their enzymatic degradation, which principally occurs if biopolymers are not crosslinked, releases well-tolerated byproducts [69]. Moreover, it is well known that engineered natural biopolymers can respond to physiological signals and release growth factors or related molecules to reproduce the natural healing mechanism [71].…”

Classification and Production of Polymeric Foams among the Systems for Wound Treatment

“…Foams were first introduced in 80’s as substitute for traditional gauze dressing, with the advantages of aforementioned tunability of properties, greater stability (they do not shed particles) and a better control of the wound environment. Foam wound dressing are currently designed in such a way they can be left for several days without causing maceration and with specific healing properties [ 86 ]. Key requirements of the dressing are [ 87 ]: moisture control, gas permeability, fluid (exudates) transport/absorption, wound protection from microorganisms, necrosis prevention, mechanical protection, movable/removable, wettability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, stiffness, strength, nontoxic, wound pain relief, and cost acceptable.…”

A comprehensive review of the polymer‐based hydrogels with electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles for wound dressing applications

“…These new materials need to possess a number of properties which correspond to the requirements of wound care. Some of these properties are [37][38][39][40] : (a) biocompatibility and nontoxicity toward healthy tissue, (b) good wound exudate absorption ability, (c) good gas permeability (O 2 , CO 2 , water vapor), (d) the ability to maintain moist wound environment and to prevent the drying of the wound, (e) sterility and barrier properties against microorganisms, (f) the ability to maintain optimal wound temperature, and (g) low adhesiveness to the wound tissue, and so on.…”