The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Associated Factors in Middle-school Students: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current level of sleep quality among Korean middle-school students using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and to analyze the factors influencing sleep quality.Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a self-report questionnaire. The participants were 744 middle-school students. The questionnaire included the PSQI and health-related questions, such as the types of diseases they had been diagnosed with and the frequency of hospital admissions. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and linear multiple regression.Results: The global PSQI score was 4.21, which indicated good sleep quality. The major factors that were associated with the sleep quality of middle-school students were the number of diseases they had been diagnosed with (β=.54, <i>p</i>=.001) and atopic dermatitis (β=.32, <i>p</i>=.001). In addition, asthma and the frequency of hospital admissions were significant factors influencing each component of the PSQI.Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that sleep quality was associated with several health-related factors. Thus, nurses, school nurses, and nursing researchers may need to assess the health-related factors associated with adolescents’ sleep quality as part of efforts to improve their sleep quality.

The Effect of the Benson Relaxation Technique on the Quality of Sleep and Working Life of Surgical Technologists in Shiraz

“…The Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 and test-retest reliability of 0.85 have been reported for sleep quality (19). A specificity of 86.5% and a sensitivity of 89.6% have been revealed for the experimental and control respondents at a cutoff point of 5 (19). The Persian version of sleep quality has been reported with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.77 for 125 patients with psychiatric disorders and 133 healthy individuals (25).…”

“…This scale has been widely applied in many investigations (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 and test-retest reliability of 0.85 have been reported for sleep quality (19). A specificity of 86.5% and a sensitivity of 89.6% have been revealed for the experimental and control respondents at a cutoff point of 5 (19).…”

“…The following criteria were considered: having the required degree (ASc, BSc, or MSc) in surgical technology, willing to participate in the study, not taking any sedative or sleep-inducing medication over the past month (17,18), having a Pittsburgh score of ≥ 5, as well as a low (35 -80) or moderate (81 -130) score on Walton's quality of working life questionnaire (19,20).…”

“…The second part was the Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire. The sleep quality (19) as a self-report scale assesses sleep habits and also the respondents' perceived sleep quality providing information regarding seven sleep components (Table 1). Sleep quality is scored from 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty), and its total score is the sum of its seven components ranging from 0 -21.…”

Comparison Between High School Youth and College Freshmen Toward Their Psychological Disorders Under the Influence of Sleep Hygiene During COVID-19 Pandemic

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26] When assessing the sleep status, various sleep measurements have been developed, the most widely employed is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). 27 And sleep hygiene status assessed by RU-SATED could make a valid complement. 28 Both scales were conducted in the current manuscript.…”