The pitfalls of crowdfunding Alzheimer's disease research

Garrett, Mario

doi:10.5455/im.36591

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 62 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…This is difficult to understand both clinically and statistically how we got to a situation where the government approves a drug that is both minimal useful and extraordinarily dangerous, and if economically successful will bankrupt Medicare [69]. A quick review of the researchers involved in the FDA's decision shows conflicts of interest [70]. Predictions indicate that by prescribing Aduhelm, Medicare will be paying nearly $29 billion in just one year matching three-quarters of Medicare's total spending for all Part B drugs [71].…”

Section: Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Age Theory: Institutional Abuse of Older People in Health Care

Garrett

2022

EJMED

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Theories of elder abuse focus on the characteristics of the victim, the perpetrator, and the context of abuse. Although all three factors play a role, we are biased to notice individual misbehavior as the primary and sole cause of abuse. We see individuals as responsible for abuse. By examining abuses across a spectrum of healthcare services, abuse is more likely to be due to the institutional culture that includes the use of medications, Assisted Living, Skilled Nursing Facilities/nursing homes, hospices, hospitals, and Medicare Advantage programs. This study highlights multiple and consistent institutional abuses that result in harm and death of older adults on a consistent basis. The results show that when profit is increased, standards of care are diminished, and abuse ensues. Assigning responsibility to the management of healthcare becomes a priority in reducing this level of abuse. However, there are biases that stop us from assigning blame to institutions. Individual healthcare workers adhere to work protocol and rationalize the negative outcomes as inevitable or due to the vulnerability and frailness of older people. This culture is socialized for new employees that develop a culture of diminishing the needs of the individual patient in favor of the priorities dictated by the management protocol. In addition, the public is focused on assigning blame to individuals. Once an individual is assigned blame then they do not look beyond that to understand the context of abuse. A context that is generated by healthcare facilities maximizing profit and denigrating patient care. Regulatory agencies such as the U.S. DHHS, CDC, State Public Health Agencies, State/City Elder Abuse units, and Ombudsmen Programs all collude, for multiple reasons, in diminishing institutional responsibility.

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Section: Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Age Theory: Institutional Abuse of Older People in Health Care

Garrett

2022

EJMED

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How Attribution Theory Helps to Explain Psychiatric Nosology

Garrett

2024

AJHR

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By exposing the assumptions made about dysfunctional behaviors, treatment options can be better understood. Belief in the cause of a disorder determines what is done to alleviate it. By applying attribution theory to psychiatric nosology—categorization of psychiatry dysfunctions—attributional bias of clinicians can be shown. Primarily clinicians are biased to diagnose a patient’s dysfunction as internal, stable and uncontrollable. In reality most dysfunctions are periodic/cyclical and therefore unstable and through behavioral therapy, most are controllable. By changing the attributions, a different meaning of mental illness emerges. Historical evidence illustrates how the attribution of aberrant behaviors has changed which consequently resulted in different theories and treatments. From ‘spirits that invade the body’ of the Middle Ages to the ‘imbalance in the nervous energy’ of the Enlightenment, beliefs dictated how people were treated. From the punitive treatments of the Middle Ages to the ‘Moral Treatment’ of the Enlightenment. With the attribution of biological determinism, a new age of psychopharmacology was ushered in. All these treatment fads rely on different attributions rather than on scientific evidence. With Mad Studies promoting the perspective of the patients who use the mental health care system, the attribution of disease changes again, and a greater emphasis is placed on the external, unstable, and controllable aspects of madness. According to the theory ‘Power Threat Meaning Framework,’ madness is a mental strategy that has become mismatched with its current context. The context determines the expression of dysfunction. Future treatment requires a population-based approach that offers social prescribing, short-term respite programs, and broad community-based cognitive-behavioral therapies. The objective is to focus on alleviating the anxiety and distress experienced by the individual and to aim for personal and functional recovery rather than to aim for a purely clinical recovery.

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The pitfalls of crowdfunding Alzheimer's disease research

Cited by 2 publications

References 62 publications

Critical Age Theory: Institutional Abuse of Older People in Health Care

Critical Age Theory: Institutional Abuse of Older People in Health Care

How Attribution Theory Helps to Explain Psychiatric Nosology

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