The piRNA response to BmNPV infection in the silkworm fat body and midgut

Feng, Mei; Κολλιοπούλου, Άννα; Zhou, Yaohong; Fei, Shigang; Xia, Junming; Swevers, Luc; Sun, Jingchen

doi:10.1111/1744-7917.12796

Cited by 19 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The general high virulence of baculovirus infections has also been exploited for their successful application as biocontrol agents to kill pests. However, although methods such as bulk RNA-seq and proteomics have been used in recent years to try to clarify the interaction between baculovirus and the host (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), major gaps remain regarding the host response to the virus, especially at the level of cellular immunity. Hence, the elucidation of the response of different hemocyte subsets to BmNPV infection is a powerful approach to explore the insect cellular immune response to baculovirus infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Silkworm Hemocyte Subsets and Analysis of Their Response to Baculovirus Infection Based on Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A wide range of hemocyte types exist in insects but a full definition of the different subclasses is not yet established. The current knowledge of the classification of silkworm hemocytes mainly comes from morphology rather than specific markers, so our understanding of the detailed classification, hemocyte lineage and functions of silkworm hemocytes is very incomplete. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a representative member of the baculoviruses and a major pathogen that specifically infects silkworms (Bombyx mori) and causes serious losses in sericulture industry. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of hemocytes in BmNPV and mock-infected larvae to comprehensively identify silkworm hemocyte subsets and determined specific molecular and cellular characteristics in each hemocyte subset before and after viral infectmadion. A total of 20 cell clusters and their potential marker genes were identified in silkworm hemocytes. All of the hemocyte clusters were infected by BmNPV at 3 days after inoculation. Interestingly, BmNPV infection can cause great changes in the distribution of hemocyte types. The cells appearing in the infection group mainly belong to prohemocytes (PR), while plasmatocytes (PL) and granulocytes (GR) are very much reduced. Furthermore, we found that BmNPV infection suppresses the RNA interference (RNAi) and immune response in the major hemocyte types. In summary, our results revealed the diversity of silkworm hemocytes and provided a rich resource of gene expression profiles for a systems-level understanding of their functions in the uninfected condition and as a response to BmNPV.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Silkworm Hemocyte Subsets and Analysis of Their Response to Baculovirus Infection Based on Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Somatic piRNAs have been observed broadly in arthropods where they may provide genome defense against transposable elements and viruses (29). In agreement with this hypothesis, piRNAs from fat body and midgut cells elicits antiviral response against nucleopolyhedrovirus in the silkmoth Bombyx mori (30). In addition, piRNAs derived from endogenous viral elements system in the mosquito Aedes aegypti help maintain long-lasting adaptive immunity (31,32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Somatic piRNAs and Transposons are Differentially Regulated During Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Programmed Cell Death

Tsuji

Thomson

Brown

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PiWi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs that can repress transposon expression via epigenetic silencing and transcript degradation. They have been identified predominantly in the ovary and testis, where they serve essential roles in transposon silencing in order to protect the integrity of the genome in the germline. The potential expression of piRNAs in somatic cells has been controversial. In the present study we demonstrate the expression of piRNAs derived from both genic and transposon RNAs in the intersegmental muscles (ISMs) from the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta. These piRNAs are abundantly expressed, are ~27 nt long, map antisense to transposons, are oxidation resistant, exhibit a uridine bias at their first nucleotide, and amplify via the canonical ping-pong pathway. An RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that 20 piRNA pathway genes are expressed in the ISMs and are developmentally regulated. The abundance of piRNAs does not change when the muscles initiate developmentally-regulated atrophy, but are repressed when cells become committed to undergo programmed cell death at the end of metamorphosis. This change in piRNA expression is associated with the targeted repression of several retrotransposons and the induction of specific DNA transposons. The developmental changes in the expression of piRNAs, piRNA pathway genes, and transposons are all regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone, the steroid hormone that controls the timing of ISM death. Taken together, these data provide compelling evidence for the existence of piRNA in somatic tissues and suggest that they may play roles in developmental processes such as programmed cell death.Author SummarypiRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that suppress the expression of transposable elements, parasitic DNA that if reintegrated, can harm the integrity of the host genome. The expression of piRNAs and their associated regulatory proteins has been studied predominantly in germ cells and some stem cells. We have found that they are also expressed in skeletal muscles in the moth Manduca sexta that undergo developmentally-regulated atrophy and programmed cell death at the end of metamorphosis. The expression of transposons becomes deregulated when the muscles become committed to die, which may play a functional role in the demise of the cell by inducing genome damage. piRNA-mediated control of transposons may represent a novel mechanism that contributes to the regulated death of highly differentiated somatic cells.

show abstract

“…In contrast to siRNAs and miRNAs, piRNAs are derived from single stranded RNA precursors (23). The role of the piRNA pathway in the antiviral response of insect models has been reviewed recently (41), however, of which the exact roles in the interaction between silkworm and its major pathogenic viruses are unclear, having few relevant reports so far (42,43).…”

Section: Rnai Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into the Antiviral Pathways of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Jiang

2021

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lepidopteran model silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important economic insect. Viruses cause serious economic losses in sericulture; thus, the economic importance of these viruses heightens the need to understand the antiviral pathways of silkworm to develop antiviral strategies. Insect innate immunity pathways play a critical role in the outcome of infection. The RNA interference (RNAi), NF-kB-mediated, immune deficiency (Imd), and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathways, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway are the major antiviral defense mechanisms, and these have been shown to play important roles in the antiviral immunity of silkworms. In contrast, viruses can modulate the prophenol oxidase (PPO), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways of the host to elevate their proliferation in silkworms. In this review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the main immune pathways in response to viruses and the signaling pathways modulated by viruses in silkworms. Elucidation of these pathways involved in the antiviral mechanism of silkworms furnishes a theoretical basis for the enhancement of virus resistance in economic insects, such as upregulating antiviral immune pathways through transgenic overexpression, RNAi of virus genes, and targeting these virus-modulated pathways by gene editing or inhibitors.

show abstract

The piRNA response to BmNPV infection in the silkworm fat body and midgut

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Identification of Silkworm Hemocyte Subsets and Analysis of Their Response to Baculovirus Infection Based on Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

Identification of Silkworm Hemocyte Subsets and Analysis of Their Response to Baculovirus Infection Based on Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

Somatic piRNAs and Transposons are Differentially Regulated During Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Programmed Cell Death

Insights Into the Antiviral Pathways of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About